{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:09:08Z","timestamp":1777723748691,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the availability of effective and safe rubella vaccines for women of childbearing age, prevention and control of congenital rubella syndrome in children remains challenging in Vietnam. In order to examine this issue, we conducted a cross-sectional study, examining the current coverage of rubella vaccination before pregnancy among 807 pregnant women and women with children under 12 months of age in urban and rural districts, Dong Da and Ba Vi, in Hanoi, Vietnam. In this population, we observed an alarming non-compliance rate with rubella vaccination before pregnancy in both localities. Among the 82.0% of participants who remained unvaccinated against this contagious viral infection, 95.8% of them were in Ba Vi district, compared to 68.0% in Dong Da district (p &lt; 0.001). Besides the differences in age, number of children, education levels, primary occupations and monthly incomes among the participants between the two districts, other reasons for noncompliance with rubella vaccination includeddisinterest in rubella vaccination, the high cost and long distance to vaccination sites as well as unawareness of vaccination locations. In addition to addressing the unique socio-economicchallenges behind one\u2019s accessibility to vaccination services in urban and rural areas, our study supports a continued effort in ensuring proper access to and education about pre-pregnancy vaccines and vaccination among women of childbearing age in order to achieve and sustain sufficient immunization coverage of rubella and other vaccine-preventable diseases in both settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T11:06:46Z","timestamp":1558091206000},"page":"1741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rubella Vaccination Coverage Among Women of Childbearing Age in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7049-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toan Thanh Thi","family":"Do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anh Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan Thanh Thi","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Pongsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quang Nhat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thang Huu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tri Minh","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huong Thi","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huong Lan Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nu Thi","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavior Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Linh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavior Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giang Thu","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung Thanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung Hoang","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lower Limb Surgery, Vietnam-Germany Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl A.","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7092-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus SH","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger CM","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavior Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018, May 16). 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