{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:09:10Z","timestamp":1777975750426,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2018-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2018-0175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016S1A3A2925085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016S1A3A2925085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyzed suicide mortality by occupation using administrative data from 1993 to 2016. Methods: National death records from 1993 to 2016 of the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) were used. Suicidal death was taken from Korean Classification of Disease codes as intentional self-harm (X60\u2013X84) and sequelae of intentional self-harm (Y870). Occupational groups were categorized into \u201cManager,\u201d \u201cOfficer,\u201d \u201dService-Trade,\u201d \u201cAgricultural-Fishery-Forestry\u201d (AFF), \u201cSkilled Manual,\u201d and \u201cUnskilled Manual.\u201d Direct standardized mortality (DSM) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, suicide rates increased during economic downturns, especially among lower socio-economic occupation classes. Both DSM and SMR were highest in AFF, followed by Unskilled Manual, Service-Trade, Officer, Skilled Manual, and Manager categories among men, whereas women showed the highest DSM and SMR in AFF, followed by Service-Trade, Officer, Unskilled Manual, Manager, and Skilled Manual categories. The age-stratified analysis showed that age groups with increasing trends in suicide differed according to occupation and gender. In certain occupational groups, the time-point prevalence fluctuated with socio-economic background in suicidal mortality and differed by age and gender.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16112007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T03:38:01Z","timestamp":1559792281000},"page":"2007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Suicide Trends over Time by Occupation in Korea and Their Relationship to Economic Downturns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Ha","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5194-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Jae","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaesung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo-Yeol","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2017). 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