{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:19Z","timestamp":1787775739183,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004700","name":"TMU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant TMU 102-AE1-B39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant TMU 102-AE1-B39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia is highly comorbid with gait disturbance, and both conditions negatively impact the ability of elderly people to conduct daily living activities. The ambulatory status of older adults with dementia may cause variable functional disability, which is crucial for the progression of dementia. The present study investigated the association between ambulatory status with functional disability in elderly people and dementia by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). In total, 34,040 older adults with mild-to-advanced dementia were analyzed and categorized according to their ambulatory status into three groups: Nonambulatory, assisted ambulatory, and ambulatory. In general, poor ambulatory status was associated with both greater severity of dementia and functional disability. The study participants were further segregated according to their ages and dementia severity levels, which demonstrated that the WHODAS 2.0 domains of functioning for getting along, life activities, and participation (domains 4, 5\u20131, and 6) were all associated with ambulatory status. In addition, nonambulatory status was significantly associated with institution residency among older adults with dementia. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated the role of ambulatory status in functional disability in older adults with dementia, and the association persisted among older adults of different ages and severities of dementia. This finding indicates the importance of maintaining walking ability in the management of dementia in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T10:43:32Z","timestamp":1560941012000},"page":"2168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association between Ambulatory Status and Functional Disability in Elderly People with Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1473-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsun-Hua","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Dizziness and Balance Disorder Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Tai","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0147-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chou","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Society of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, TSICF, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Feng","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Society of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, TSICF, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Society of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, TSICF, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsan-Hon","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Society of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, TSICF, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Prince, M.J. 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