{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T01:10:51Z","timestamp":1783991451159,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-182-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-182-048"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["NSC 102-2628-B-182-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 102-2628-B-182-001-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRPE09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPE09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Participation has significant impact on children\u2019s health and well-being. Knowledge is limited on how children with disabilities perceive their participation and whether their perceptions differ from their parents. This pilot study aimed to explore whether self-reported frequency of participation and prioritized activities differ between children with disabilities and their parents. Thirty children with disabilities eligible for special education in elementary school and their parents were included. Each of them were interviewed with the Chinese version of Picture My Participation (PMP), separately, to identify the child\u2019s participation frequency in 21 activities at home, school, and community, desire-to-change activities, and the level of involvement in these activities. The results indicated that children\u2019s ratings of participation frequency were significantly lower than parents\u2019 ratings in home activities but not in school and community activities, as analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test. Nineteen (63%) child\u2013parent pairs had selected entirely different items as their desire-to-change activities. Children selected the activities that they were somewhat to very involved in; while parents selected the activities they thought their children were less involved in. Our findings suggest that children with disabilities had unique views on life and this should be supported in their health care and individualized education plans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T02:37:40Z","timestamp":1561343860000},"page":"2217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Understanding the Participation in Home, School, and Community Activities Reported by Children with Disabilities and Their Parents: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ya-Tzu","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai-Wen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Xing St., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei City 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Granlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHILD, Swedish Institute of Disability Research, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University, Gjuterigatan 5, 553 18 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Ju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fu-Xing St., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2001). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Child and Youth: ICF-CY, Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.170","article-title":"Toward a psychology of positive youth development","volume":"55","author":"Larson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.74.1.72","article-title":"The meaning of life experiences: Application of a meta-model to rehabilitation sciences and services","volume":"74","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03959.x","article-title":"Context therapy: A new intervention approach for children with cerebral palsy","volume":"53","author":"Darrah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.628740","article-title":"Participation-based therapy for children with physical disabilities","volume":"34","author":"Palisano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417415608653","article-title":"Opening doors to participation of youth with physical disabilities: An intervention study","volume":"83","author":"Anaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.09.024","article-title":"Community participation, supports, and barriers of school-age children with and without disabilities","volume":"94","author":"Bedell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4276\/030802213X13603244419112","article-title":"Participation in the home environment among children and youth with and without disabilities","volume":"76","author":"Law","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12046","article-title":"School participation, supports and barriers of students with and without disabilities","volume":"39","author":"Coster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.748840","article-title":"The effect of the environment on participation of children and youth with disabilities: A scoping review","volume":"35","author":"Anaby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"United Nations (1989). Convention on the Right of the Child, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2013.794187","article-title":"Addressing the challenges of collaborative goal setting with children and their families","volume":"34","author":"Brewer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Occup. Ther. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493516642744","article-title":"Reframing the focus from a family-centred to a child-centred care approach for children\u2019s healthcare","volume":"20","author":"Coyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Child Health Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JODD.0000032299.31588.fd","article-title":"Conceptions of participation in students with disabilities and persons in their close environment","volume":"16","author":"Eriksson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dev. Phys. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740006700303","article-title":"Perceived efficacy and goal setting in young children","volume":"67","author":"Missiuna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03582.x","article-title":"Participation in communication and decision-making: Children and young people\u2019s experiences in a hospital setting","volume":"20","author":"Coyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024981820074","article-title":"Self-determination as an educational outcome: A definitional framework and implications for intervention","volume":"9","author":"Wehmeyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dev.Phys. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3109\/17518423.2013.801529","article-title":"Children\u2019s voices-differentiating a child perspective from a child\u2019s perspective","volume":"18","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Neurorehabil."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"228","article-title":"Do we hear the child\u2019s voice? Using measures of participation to identify needs for participation of elementary school students with special needs: A case report","volume":"42","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Formosa J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12932","article-title":"\u2018Participation\u2019: A systematic review of language, definitions, and constructs used in intervention research with children with disabilities","volume":"58","author":"Imms","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13237","article-title":"Participation, both a means and an end: A conceptual analysis of processes and outcomes in childhood disability","volume":"59","author":"Imms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro, S., and Palikara, O. (2018). The development of the fundes-child and its implications for the education of taiwanese children. An Emerging Approach for Education and Care: Implementing a Worldwide Classification of Functioning and Disability, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315519692"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.10.009","article-title":"Do adolescents with cerebral palsy agree with their caregivers on their participation and quality of life?","volume":"11","author":"Kahraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1202334","article-title":"Collaborative goal setting with and for children as part of therapeutic intervention","volume":"39","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13959","article-title":"Measures used to quantify participation in childhood disability and their alignment with the family of participation-related constructs: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Adair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Imms, C., Granlund, M., Bornman, J., and Elliott, C. (2019, June 22). Available online: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/dmcn.12778_58."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Arvidsson, P., Dada, S., Granlund, M., Imms, C., Bornman, J., Elliot, C., and Huus, K. Content validity and utility of picture my participation for measuring participation in children with intellectual disability in south africa and sweden. submitted."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3156.2002.00165.x","article-title":"Enabling young people with a learning disability to make choices at a time of transition","volume":"30","author":"Cameron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Learn. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100612331392745","article-title":"Using the ICF in goal setting: Clinical application using talking mats","volume":"1","author":"Bornman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Mayer-Johnson (2009). Boardmaker [Computer Software], Mayer-Johnson."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Liao, Y.T., Kang, L.J., Hwang, A.W., and Grandlund, M. (2017, January 30\u201331). Applying picture my participation to support collaborative goals setting for children with special needs: A pilot study. Proceedings of the P3M Symposium 2017, Melbourne, Australia."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Kuo, C.C., Kang, L.J., Hwang, A.W., Fu, C.P., Chen, H.J., and Li, Y.C. Development of the picture my participation-chinese version: Cross-cultural adaptation for school age children in taiwan. J. Taiwan Occup. Ther. Res. Pract., in press."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.731132","article-title":"The cross-cultural equivalence of participation instruments: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Stevelink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9350-5","article-title":"Parent-child agreement across child health-related quality of life instruments: A review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Upton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008801802877","article-title":"The proxy problem: Child report versus parent report in health-related quality of life research","volume":"7","author":"Theunissen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316630881","article-title":"Quality of life of high-functioning children and youth with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing peers: Self- and proxy-reports","volume":"21","author":"Egilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.03161.x","article-title":"A literature review of children\u2019s and young people\u2019s participation in decisions relating to health care","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/12\/2217\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:00:44Z","timestamp":1760187644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/12\/2217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16122217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16122217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]}}}