{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:51:36Z","timestamp":1767844296346,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains high despite the various preventive and management interventions that have been designed and implemented to tackle the issue in various settings. The aim of the scoping review is to identify and classify prevention and management interventions of FASD reported globally across the life span and to map the concentration of these interventions across the globe. We searched some selected databases with predefined terms. Framework and narrative approaches were used to synthesize and report on the findings. Thirty-two prevention intervention studies and 41 management interventions studies were identified. All the interventions were reported to be effective or showed promising outcomes for the prevention and management of FASD, except four. Although Europe and Africa have a relatively higher prevalence of FASD, the lowest number of interventions to address FASD were identified in these regions. Most of the interventions for FASD were reported in North America with comparatively lower FASD prevalence. The uneven distribution of interventions designed for FASD vis-\u00e0-vis the burden of FASD in the different regions calls for a concerted effort for knowledge and intervention sharing to enhance the design of contextually sensitive preventive and management policy in the different regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T10:52:31Z","timestamp":1561459951000},"page":"2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babatope O.","family":"Adebiyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 8001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinand C.","family":"Mukumbang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 8001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Erasmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Family Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 8001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141593","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan","volume":"188","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian guidelines for diagnosis","volume":"172","author":"Chudley","year":"2005","journal-title":"CAMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2232","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder\u2014high rates, high needs, high time for action","volume":"171","author":"Chudley","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018, July 16). 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