{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:22:22Z","timestamp":1788153742584,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Yezidis who represent a religious minority living in Northern Iraq were particularly affected by the persecution by ISIS (Islamic state of Iraq and Syria, syn.: ISIL\u2014Islamic state of Iraq and the Levant) that gained power after 2013. This paper gives an overview of the events and the mental health consequences on the Yezidi community as well as associated influences on affected female Yezidis. Based on a systematic literature search, the aspects of \u201cPersecution by ISIS and actual situation of the Yezidi community\u201d, \u201cGender-specific aspects of the persecution and its consequences\u201d, \u201cMental health of the affected women\u201d, and \u201cCultural\u2013historical and religious context\u201d are worked out. Research indicates a high burden of health strain and mental health problems in the surviving Yezidi women, especially post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and depression. Concerning transgenerational trauma, the recent genocide has revived past experiences in the history of the community. Like the narrow cultural and religious rules of the community, this can be both a resource and a burden. The actual extent of the attacks is neither predictable for the affected individuals nor for the community, consequences could also be passed onto descendants. Long-term care and support of the affected persons, their descendants, and the Yezidi community seems indispensable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Narrative Review: The (Mental) Health Consequences of the Northern Iraq Offensive of ISIS in 2014 for Female Yezidis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Social Policy and Social Economy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"United Nations University\u2014Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation an Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rammelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Church and Christian History, Faculty of Protestantic Theology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Notburga","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Social Policy and Social Economy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"United Nations University\u2014Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation an Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Al Jazeera News (2018, June 05). 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