{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:25:49Z","timestamp":1792095949253,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing global public health problem, the prevalence of which is projected to increase in the succeeding decades. It is potentially associated with many complications, affecting multiple organs and causing a huge burden to the society. Due to its multi-factorial pathophysiology, its treatment is varied and based upon a multitude of pharmacologic agents aiming to tackle the many aspects of the disease pathophysiology (increasing insulin availability [either through direct insulin administration or through agents that promote insulin secretion], improving sensitivity to insulin, delaying the delivery and absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract, or increasing urinary glucose excretion). DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (or \u201cgliptins\u201d) represent a class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4, thus augmenting the biological activity of the \u201cincretin\u201d hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) and restoring many of the pathophysiological problems of diabetes. They have already been used over more than a decade in the treatment of the disease. The current manuscript will review the mechanism of action, therapeutic utility, and the role of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T11:15:56Z","timestamp":1564485356000},"page":"2720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["The Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in the Treatment Algorithm of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: When to Select, What to Expect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Makrilakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Ag. Thoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1962","article-title":"Global Economic Burden of Diabetes in Adults: Projections From 2015 to 2030","volume":"41","author":"Bommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association 4 (2019). Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. 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