{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:05:53Z","timestamp":1778637953014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The aim of this study was to investigate depression and other determinants (sleep-deprived behaviors such as hours spent sleeping, watching television, and on the computer) and their association with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among college freshmen. Methods. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from two colleges in northern Taiwan from July to September 2014. A total of 2643 students (38.7% male; ages ranged 18\u201323 years; mean age of 18.8 \u00b1 1.2 years) completed an anonymous questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors (including personal habits, sleep duration and quality, and hours spent watching television and on the computer); perception of one\u2019s health, a validated depression scale (Brief Symptom Rating Scale, BSRS-5); insomnia symptoms (the Chinese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale, CAIS); and EDS rated with the Chinese Epworth sleepiness scale (CESS). The data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, t-test, multivariate logistic regression, and multiple linear regression. Results. The prevalence of EDS among college students was approximately 27.1% (717\/2643). The risk of EDS was elevated with increasing severity of depression: odds ratio (OR) = 2.8\/3.71\/5.01 for female, and OR = 3.29\/5.07\/5.07 for mild\/moderate\/severe depression for male, respectively (p &lt; 0.05; marginally higher in male severe depression, p = 0.08). If depression score increased by 1 point, CESS score increased by 0.35 point; if time spent on the computer during non-holidays increased by 1 h, CESS score increased by 0.1 point; and for those whose sleep duration increased by 1 h during non-holidays, CESS score decreased by 0.1 point. Conclusions. EDS significantly predicted depression among college freshmen. Using a computer for a long time and less sleep duration during non-holidays contributed to EDS of college freshmen. Youths who experience EDS are recommended to seek assessment for depression symptoms and sleep-deprived behaviors, thus allowing physicians to offer appropriate screening and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1567077982000},"page":"3148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association of Depression and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among Sleep-Deprived College Freshmen in Northern Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3816-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Ting","family":"Tsou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty Chia-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200312-1782OC","article-title":"Sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, and accident risk factors in commercial vehicle drivers","volume":"170","author":"Howard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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