{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:58:02Z","timestamp":1775746682685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003664","name":"Korea Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017035A00-1919-BA01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017035A00-1919-BA01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN1812080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN1812080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients\u2019 quality of life. Particulate matter comprises a harmful mixture of particles less than 10 \u03bcm in size, which on contact with the eye, causes inflammation in the cornea\/conjunctival epithelium, threatening eye health and triggering the onset of DED. Achyranthis radix is an ingredient of traditional medicine generally used for treating osteoporosis, trauma, and thrombosis in Asian countries. However, the effect of Achyranthis radix on eye health has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluate the protective effect of Achyranthis radix hot water extract (ARE) in a rat model of urban particulate matter (UPM)-induced DED. UPM with or without ARE were topically administered on both eyes thrice daily for 10 days. ARE induced tear secretion and improved corneal irregularity. Additionally, ARE treatment protected the corneal epithelial cells from UPM-induced apoptosis. It also restored rMuc4 expression in the cornea and increased goblet cell density in the conjunctiva. These results are suggestive of the potential of ARE as a topical therapeutic agent for treating DED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T08:28:13Z","timestamp":1567585693000},"page":"3229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Achyranthis radix Extract Improves Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8292-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Gu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo-Wang","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyuhyung","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bongkyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ik Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Jeong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7610-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Dry eye: An inflammatory ocular disease","volume":"9","author":"Hessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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