{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:38:32Z","timestamp":1767382712733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Chemicals Management Plan"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chemicals Management Plan"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A pilot study was undertaken to characterize the concentration, duration and particle size distribution of the talc cloud that forms in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) during application of certain talc-containing cosmetics. Multiple direct-reading instruments were employed to simultaneously monitor PM4 concentrations (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt; 4 \u00b5m; mg\/m3) at different distances from each of three subjects while they applied talc products. Results indicated that the purpose and method of applying the talc product, combined with behavioral and physical differences amongst subjects, all strongly influenced airborne talc concentrations and the duration of the cloud. Air concentrations of talc in the PBZ averaged around 1.0 mg\/m3, and the duration of exposure varied from less than one minute to more than ten minutes. The real-time monitors captured the occasional formation of secondary clouds, likely caused by resuspension of talc particles from skin or other surfaces. Measurements of aerosolized baby powder, face powder, and two adult body powders indicated that the median aerodynamic diameter of the talc cloud ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 \u00b5m. These direct-reading approaches were valuable for providing detailed characterization of short duration exposures to airborne talc particles, and will be useful to support future exposure assessments of talc and other powders in consumer products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1570791183000},"page":"3830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characterization of Airborne Particles Emitted During Application of Cosmetic Talc Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pat","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada"},{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Levesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Macey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave W., Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581815586797","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Talc Used in Cosmetics","volume":"34","author":"Fiume","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"US Pharmacopeia (2011). USP Monographs: Talc, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Talc Revision Bulletin Official August 1, 2011."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (1993). Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Talc (CAS NO. 14807-96-6) in F344\/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies)."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1979.tb00212.x","article-title":"Normal use levels of respirable cosmetic talc: Preliminary study","volume":"1","author":"Aylott","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(79)90208-6","article-title":"The determination of respirable particles in talcum powder","volume":"17","author":"Russell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Food Cosmet. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12664","article-title":"Assessment of Health Risk from Historical Use of Cosmetic Talcum Powder","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(01)00191-1","article-title":"Individual particle analysis of indoor, outdoor, and community samples from the 1998 Baltimore particulate matter study","volume":"35","author":"Conner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2006.07.017","article-title":"Experimental measurements of a gas\u2013solid jet downstream of a fuel-rich\/lean burner with a collision-block-type concentrator","volume":"170","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2017.1392656","article-title":"Evaluation of the presence of asbestos in cosmetic talcum products","volume":"29","author":"Pierce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns, A.M., Barlow, C.A., Banducci, A.M., Unice, K.M., and Sahmel, J. (2019). Potential Airborne Asbestos Exposure and Risk Associated with the Historical Use of Cosmetic Talcum Powder Products. Risk Anal.","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13312"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820903045141","article-title":"A Novel Optical Instrument for Estimating Size Segregated Aerosol Mass Concentration in Real Time","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Baron, P.A. (2016). Factors Affecting Aerosol Sampling. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, NIOSH. [5th ed.]. Chapter AE."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1179\/2049396714Y.0000000081","article-title":"Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women","volume":"20","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/20\/3830\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:25:04Z","timestamp":1760189104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/20\/3830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16203830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16203830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}