{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:34:26Z","timestamp":1761514466244,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Although social, behavioral, and health factors influence prevalence and intensity of pain, very few studies have investigated correlates of pain among economically disadvantaged older African American (AA) adults. Objective. This study explored social, behavioral, and health correlates of pain intensity among community-dwelling AA older adults in an economically disadvantaged area of Los Angeles. Methods. A cross-sectional study on 740 AA older adults (age \u2265 55 years) was conducted in South Los Angeles between 2015 and 2018. Exploratory variables were age, gender, educational attainment, financial difficulties, living alone, marital status, smoking, drinking, pain-related chronic medical conditions (CMCs), and depressive symptoms. Dependent variable was pain intensity. Linear regression was used for data analysis. Results. Age, financial difficulties, living alone, smoking, pain-related chronic medical conditions, and depressive symptoms were associated with pain intensity. Individuals with lower age, higher financial difficulties, those who lived alone, those with a higher number of pain-related chronic medical conditions, more depressive symptoms, and nonsmokers reported more pain intensity. Gender, educational attainment, marital status, and drinking were not associated with pain intensity. Conclusion. The results may help with the health promotion of economically disadvantaged AA older adults in urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T12:14:05Z","timestamp":1571055245000},"page":"3894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pain Intensity among Community-Dwelling African American Older Adults in an Economically Disadvantaged Area of Los Angeles: Social, Behavioral, and Health Determinants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meghan","family":"C. Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Bazargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Cobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shervin","family":"Assari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03057-3","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community","volume":"354","author":"Elliott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/18.3.292","article-title":"The impact of chronic pain in the community","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264313484058","article-title":"Pain and Use of Alcohol in Later Life: Prospective Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"25","author":"Brennan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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