{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:57:41Z","timestamp":1770137861392,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The elderly are susceptible to depression, especially empty nesters. This study investigated the risk factors associated with depression in empty nesters. The participants were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The questionnaire surveyed demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, behaviors and lifestyles, negative life experiences, social support, self-care ability, etc. Chronic health conditions, such as being overweight\/obese, smoking cessation, cancer, and chronic pain, as well as negative life experiences, such as the death of a loved one and financial loss, increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. In addition, the incapability of performing self-care also increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. The prevalence of depression in empty nesters was high. Being overweight\/obese, cancer, chronic pain, smoking cessation, the death of a loved one, financial loss, and the incapability to deliver self-care were risk factors for depression in empty nesters. It is recommended that comprehensive measures be taken to enhance health interventions for this population, including encouraging a proper diet and physical activity for weight control, providing psychological counseling after negative life experiences, and teaching correct methods of smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T04:41:27Z","timestamp":1571978487000},"page":"4106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Risk Factors for Depression in Empty Nesters: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Coastal City of Zhejiang Province and China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yecheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gangqiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liaoliao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenling 317500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenling 317500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenling 317500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenling 317500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.6.885","article-title":"The interplay and etiological continuity of neuroticism, difficulties, and life events in the etiology of major and subsyndromal, first and recurrent depressive episodes in later life","volume":"158","author":"Ormel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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