{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1783704862099,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Liaoning Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["2015020466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015020466"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether combined exposure to fructose and bisphenol A (BPA) has a synergistic effect on abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver of developmental male rats and its possible mechanism. Fifty weaned male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: the control, 13% fructose, 20% fructose, 1 \u00b5g\/mL BPA, and 13% fructose + 1 \u00b5g\/mL BPA (combined exposure). Rats were exposed to fructose and\/or BPA through drinking water for eight weeks. Genes or proteins regulating lipid metabolism include sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), zinc \u03b1 2 glycoprotein (ZAG) and estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1), and the expression of proteins regulating inflammatory response, such as TLR4 and NF-\u03baB, were determined. Serum total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), low, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), blood glucose, insulin, IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 levels were also measured. Liver tissue morphology was observed by H&amp;E staining. The results showed that the levels of gene and protein catalyzing lipogenesis were increased (SREBP1, ACC1 and FAS), while those catalyzing lipolysis were decreased (ATGL, HSL and ZAG), accompanied by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation, and there were higher expression of TLR4 and NF-\u03baB protein and lower expression of ER\u03b1 protein in liver, and increased serum IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 levels in fructose and\/or BPA exposed rats compared with controls. Moreover, the above indicators were more serious in combined exposure group than in single exposure group. Therefore, abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver of developmental rats could be exacerbated by combined exposed to fructose and BPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T11:26:13Z","timestamp":1572261973000},"page":"4152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Combined Exposure to Fructose and Bisphenol A Exacerbates Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Liver of Developmental Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ren","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-015-0169-4","article-title":"Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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