{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1784659173276,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brandon University, Faculty of Health Studies","award":["2537, Internal research grant, 2015-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2537, Internal research grant, 2015-2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of tobacco dependence education versus usual or no tobacco dependence education on entry-level health professional student practice and client smoking cessation. Sixteen published databases, seven grey literature databases\/websites, publishers\u2019 websites, books, and pertinent reference lists were searched. Studies from 16 health professional programs yielded 28 RCTs with data on 4343 healthcare students and 3122 patients. Two researchers independently assessed articles and abstracted data about student knowledge, self-efficacy, performance of tobacco cessation interventions, and patient smoking cessation. All forms of tobacco were included. We did not find separate interventions for different kinds of tobacco such as pipes or flavoured tobacco. We computed effect sizes using a random-effects model and applied meta-analytic procedures to 13 RCTs that provided data for meta-analysis. Students\u2019 counseling skills increased significantly following the 5As model (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI 0.07, 1.98; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 94%; p = 0.04) or motivational interviewing approach (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.59, 1.21; p = 0.68, I2 0%; p &lt; 0.00001). With tobacco dependence counseling, 78 more patients per 1000 (than control) reported quitting at 6 months (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.49, 2.74, I2 = 0%, p = 0.76; p &lt; 0.00001), although the strength of evidence was moderate or low. Student tobacco cessation counseling improved guided by the above models, active learning strategies, and practice with standardized patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T11:26:13Z","timestamp":1572261973000},"page":"4158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students\u2019 Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Hyndman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Rainer","family":"Schira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John E. Robbins Library, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Defence, Petawawa, ON K8H 2X3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Chachula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Hygiene Program, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60264-1","article-title":"Global trends and projections for tobacco use, 1990\u20132025: An analysis of smoking indicators from the WHO Comprehensive Information Systems for Tobacco Control","volume":"385","author":"Bilano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathers, C., and Loncar, D. 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