{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:20:47Z","timestamp":1788956447635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep quality among heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not fully investigated in Vietnam. This study explored the prevalence of poor sleep quality in methadone-maintained patients and associated factors. This cross-sectional included 395 MMT patients at three clinics in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to measure patients\u2019 sleep quality. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, psychological, and social support characteristics were collected. Multivariate Logistic and Generalized Linear Regression models were applied to identify associated factors. Among 395 patients, 26.6% had poor sleep quality according to the PSQI scale. People having jobs were less likely to have poor sleep quality and lower PSQI scores compared to unemployed patients. Those having spouses had lower PSQI scores than single patients. High depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with poor sleep quality and high PSQI scores. A longer duration of MMT increased the likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality. Patients smoking tobacco daily or concurrently using drugs had lower PSQI scores than those that did not. This study highlights a moderate prevalence of poor sleep quality among Vietnamese MMT patients. Regular evaluation, appropriate psychological management, and social support, as well as the provision of employment opportunities, potentially improve the sleep quality of methadone-maintained patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T06:52:36Z","timestamp":1573109556000},"page":"4315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Factors Associated with Sleep Disorders among Methadone-Maintained Drug Users in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan Anh","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Duc","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An Ha Thi","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang Huyen Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Thanh","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl A.","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7092-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus S.H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger C.M.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181871405","article-title":"Impairment associated with sleep problems in the community: Relationship to physical and mental health comorbidity","volume":"70","author":"Stein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosom. 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