{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:06:00Z","timestamp":1790208360718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"APHP","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: No comparative data is available to report on the effect of online self-exclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of self-exclusion in online poker gambling as compared to matched controls, after the end of the self-exclusion period. Methods: We included all gamblers who were first-time self-excluders over a 7-year period (n = 4887) on a poker website, and gamblers matched for gender, age and account duration (n = 4451). We report the effects over time of self-exclusion after it ended, on money (net losses) and time spent (session duration) using an analysis of variance procedure between mixed models with and without the interaction of time and self-exclusion. Analyzes were performed on the whole sample, on the sub-groups that were the most heavily involved in terms of time or money (higher quartiles) and among short-duration self-excluders (&lt;3 months). Results: Significant effects of self-exclusion and short-duration self-exclusion were found for money and time spent over 12 months. Among the gamblers that were the most heavily involved financially, no significant effect on the amount spent was found. Among the gamblers who were the most heavily involved in terms of time, a significant effect was found on time spent. Short-duration self-exclusions showed no significant effect on the most heavily involved gamblers. Conclusions: Self-exclusion seems efficient in the long term. However, the effect on money spent of self-exclusions and of short-duration self-exclusions should be further explored among the most heavily involved gamblers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1573531627000},"page":"4399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Self-Exclusion among Online Poker Gamblers: Effects on Expenditure in Time and Money as Compared to Matched Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amandine","family":"Luquiens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Paul Brousse, APHP Villejuif, France. Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France"},{"name":"CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud membre de Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, 94800 Villejuif, France"},{"name":"Addictions Department, N\u00eemes University Hospital, 30000 N\u00eemes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Dugravot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud membre de Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Panjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud membre de Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amine","family":"Benyamina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Paul Brousse, APHP Villejuif, France. Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Ga\u00efffas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France"},{"name":"LPSM UMR 8001, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, 8001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bacry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France"},{"name":"CEREMADE UMR 7534 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine PSL, 75765 Paris Cedex 16, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022541","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022541","article-title":"Description and assessment of trustability of motives for self-exclusion reported by online poker gamblers in a cohort using account-based gambling data","volume":"8","author":"Luquiens","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9032-6","article-title":"Self-exclusion program: A longitudinal evaluation study","volume":"23","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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