{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:37:14Z","timestamp":1787503034356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13\/959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequela, rheumatic heart disease (RHD), have largely disappeared from high-income countries. However, in New Zealand (NZ), rates remain unacceptably high in indigenous M\u0101ori and Pacific populations. The goal of this study is to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for ARF to support effective disease prevention policies and programmes. A case-control design is used. Cases are those meeting the standard NZ case-definition for ARF, recruited within four weeks of hospitalisation for a first episode of ARF, aged less than 20 years, and residing in the North Island of NZ. This study aims to recruit at least 120 cases and 360 controls matched by age, ethnicity, gender, deprivation, district, and time period. For data collection, a comprehensive pre-tested questionnaire focussed on exposures during the four weeks prior to illness or interview will be used. Linked data include previous hospitalisations, dental records, and school characteristics. Specimen collection includes a throat swab (Group A Streptococcus), a nasal swab (Staphylococcus aureus), blood (vitamin D, ferritin, DNA for genetic testing, immune-profiling), and head hair (nicotine). A major strength of this study is its comprehensive focus covering organism, host and environmental factors. Having closely matched controls enables the examination of a wide range of specific environmental risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T11:24:32Z","timestamp":1573817072000},"page":"4515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: Literature Review and Protocol for a Case-Control Study in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Gurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole J","family":"Moreland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2726-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevil","family":"Pierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children\u2019s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023; New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-8726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony R","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teuila","family":"Percival","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"},{"name":"KidzFirst Children\u2019s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 0622, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndie","family":"Foster Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florina","family":"Chan Mow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KidzFirst Children\u2019s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBG Health Research Ltd, Auckland 0651, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Gribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBG Health Research Ltd, Auckland 0651, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"},{"name":"KidzFirst Children\u2019s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand"},{"name":"Starship Children\u2019s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health (2017, April 09). Progress on the Better Public Services Rheumatic Fever Target Wellington, Available online: http:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/about-ministry\/what-we-do\/strategic-direction\/betterpublic-services\/progress-better-public-services-rheumatic-fever-target."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.79616","article-title":"Global research priorities in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"4","author":"Carapetis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatric Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Health Research Council of New Zealand (2013). Rheumatic Fever Research Partnership."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"927","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Streptococcal Infections","volume":"25","author":"Allison","year":"1932","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15084","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Carapetis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-309188","article-title":"An immunological perspective on rheumatic heart disease pathogenesis: More questions than answers","volume":"102","author":"Bright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199404000-00004","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever in Auckland, New Zealand: Spectrum of associated group A streptococci different from expected","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00975-2","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever: A chink in the chain that links the heart to the throat?","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283511d27","article-title":"Streptococcal skin infection and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Parks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a282be","article-title":"School-based prevention of acute rheumatic fever: A group randomized trial in New Zealand","volume":"28","author":"Lennon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"692","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever following Group a Steptococcus pyoderma and Group G Streptococcus pharyngitis","volume":"34","author":"Moreland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196409242711301","article-title":"Presence of Bound Immunoglobulins and Complement in the Myocardium in Acute Rheumatic Fever. Association with Cardiac Failure","volume":"271","author":"Kaplan","year":"1964","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/31.6.534","article-title":"The Aschoff nodule","volume":"31","author":"Saphir","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1086\/318076","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms in rheumatic carditis: Focus on valvular endothelium","volume":"183","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"401","article-title":"Acute Rheumatic Fever","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Cherry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Feigin & Cherry\u2019s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01942.x","article-title":"Rheumatic fever recurrence prevention: A nurse-led programme of 28-day penicillin in an area of high endemnicity","volume":"47","author":"Spinetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.792135","article-title":"Some of the people, some of the time: Susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever","volume":"119","author":"Bryant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"41","article-title":"Rheumatic fever registers in New Zealand","volume":"8","author":"Thornley","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Z. Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990\u20132015","volume":"377","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12808","article-title":"Historical aspects of rheumatic fever","volume":"51","author":"Steer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02447.x","article-title":"Incidence of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand children and youth","volume":"48","author":"Milne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2013). Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever in Australia: 1996\u20132012. Cardiovascular Disease Series. Cat. No. CVD 60."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2008.01384.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand 1996\u20132005","volume":"44","author":"Jaine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2011.02218.x","article-title":"Rheumatic fever in New Zealand","volume":"49","author":"Webb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814000296","article-title":"Estimating rheumatic fever incidence in New Zealand using multiple data sources","volume":"143","author":"Oliver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001291","article-title":"Estimating the risk of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand by age, ethnicity and deprivation","volume":"144","author":"Gurney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"8","article-title":"The epidemiology of rheumatic fever in the Tairawhiti\/Gisborne region of New Zealand: 1997\u20132009","volume":"125","author":"Siriett","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"46","article-title":"The epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever in Northland, 2002\u20132011","volume":"126","author":"Robin","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"26","article-title":"Retrospective epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever: A 10-year review in the Waikato District Health Board area of New Zealand","volume":"127","author":"Pennock","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"48","article-title":"Is a rheumatic fever register the best surveillance tool to evaluate rheumatic fever control in the Auckland region?","volume":"130","author":"Moxon","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61780-7","article-title":"Increasing incidence of serious infectious diseases and inequalities in New Zealand: A national epidemiological study","volume":"379","author":"Baker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health (2017). HISO 10001:2017 Ethnicity Data Protocols."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Atkinson, J., Salmond, C., and Crampton, P. (2014). NZDep2013 Index of Deprivation, Department of Public Health, University of Otago."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"7","article-title":"Development of New Zealand\u2019s deprivation index (NZDep) and its uptake as a national policy tool","volume":"103","author":"Salmond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02446.x","article-title":"Mortality and hospitalisation costs of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand","volume":"48","author":"Milne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver, J., Pierse, N., and Baker, M.G. (2014). Improving rheumatic fever surveillance in New Zealand: Results of a surveillance sector review. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-528"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01854.x","article-title":"The primary prevention of rheumatic fever","volume":"46","author":"Kerdemelidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2152-z","article-title":"Understanding rheumatic fever","volume":"32","author":"Azevedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1949.0136","article-title":"A survey of dental diseases as a diagnostic aid in rheumatic fever","volume":"38","author":"Entine","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1957.tb57515.x","article-title":"Social and environmental factors in the aetiology of rheumatic fever","volume":"44","author":"Grave","year":"1957","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)90750-9","article-title":"The concept of egg yolk as a dietary inhibitor to rheumatic susceptibility","volume":"1","author":"Coburn","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"329","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors in the etiology of rheumatic fever","volume":"32","author":"Adanja","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"471","article-title":"Socio-economic factors and rheumatic fever occurrence. Differences between patients with and without frequent sore throat","volume":"33","author":"Vlajinac","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"126","article-title":"An association between Gc (vitamin D-binding protein) alleles and susceptibility to rheumatic fever","volume":"67","author":"Bahr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218687","article-title":"Influence of socio-economic and other factors on rheumatic fever occurrence","volume":"7","author":"Vlajinac","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"161","article-title":"Rheumatic fever and diet","volume":"27","author":"Adanja","year":"1991","journal-title":"Isr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.2.151","article-title":"Zoonotic illness\u2014Determining risks and measuring effects: Association between current animal exposure and a history of illness in a well characterised rural population in the UK","volume":"48","author":"Thomas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1997.tb00011.x","article-title":"Socio-economic deprivation associated with acute rheumatic fever. A hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Zaman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/44.3.142","article-title":"Nutritional factors associated with rheumatic fever","volume":"44","author":"Zaman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7168.1287","article-title":"Association of rheumatic fever with serum albumin concentration and body iron stores in Bangladeshi children: Case-control study","volume":"317","author":"Zaman","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.06.007","article-title":"Involvement of immunoglobulin FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIIB gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to rheumatic fever","volume":"37","author":"Berdeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0677-x","article-title":"TLR-2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism is strongly associated with acute rheumatic fever in children","volume":"83","author":"Berdeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740510026760","article-title":"Lack of association between TNF \u03b1 gene polymorphism at position-308 and risk of acute rheumatic fever in Turkish patients","volume":"35","author":"Berdeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"357","article-title":"Ethnic differences for developing rheumatic fever in a low-income group living in Hawaii","volume":"16","author":"Kurahara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethn. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.021","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and rheumatic fever: A family study","volume":"61","author":"Hounie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900017090","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and rheumatic Fever: Is there an association?","volume":"13","author":"Seixas","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03975.x","article-title":"Ficolin 2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"157","author":"Schafranski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951111000035","article-title":"Markers of susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever: The B-cell antigen D8\/17 is not robust as a marker in South Africa","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol. Young"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1689-5","article-title":"Role of cytokine gene (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IL-6, and IL-10) polymorphisms in pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever in Turkish children","volume":"171","author":"Pehlivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v31i1.14751","article-title":"Risk factors of rheumatic heart disease in Bangladesh: A case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Riaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208219","article-title":"Sugar, dental caries and the incidence of acute rheumatic fever: A cohort study of Maori and Pacific children","volume":"71","author":"Thornley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13851","article-title":"Scabies is strongly associated with acute rheumatic fever in a cohort study of Auckland children","volume":"54","author":"Thornley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5981.474","article-title":"Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease in black shcoolchildren of Soweto, Johannesburg","volume":"3","author":"McLaren","year":"1975","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"319","article-title":"HL-A antigens in Europeans and Maoris with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Caughey","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(89)90254-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease among primary school children in western Kenya","volume":"23","author":"Anabwani","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.47.5.345","article-title":"Housing in early life and later mortality","volume":"47","author":"Coggon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)00311-2","article-title":"Survey of rheumatic heart disease in school children of Kinshasa town","volume":"63","author":"Bayekula","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"601","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Addis Ababa","volume":"76","author":"Oli","year":"1999","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025981","article-title":"Status of rheumatic heart disease in rural Pakistan","volume":"90","author":"Rizvi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1536\/jhj.45.949","article-title":"Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion\/deletion polymorphism and risk of rheumatic heart disease","volume":"45","author":"Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"327","article-title":"High prevalence of rheumatic heart disease by clinical and echocardiographic screening among children in Fiji","volume":"18","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.09.003","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) polymorphism possibly associated to severity of rheumatic carditis in a Brazilian cohort","volume":"49","author":"Azevedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300792","article-title":"Prevalence and outcome of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in India: The RHEUMATIC (Rheumatic Heart Echo Utilisation and Monitoring Actuarial Trends in Indian Children) study","volume":"97","author":"Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1179\/1465328110Y.0000000007","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school-children in Aden, Yemen","volume":"31","author":"Munibari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0139-x","article-title":"Environmental factors and rheumatic heart disease in Fiji","volume":"33","author":"Dobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okello, E., Kakande, B., Sebatta, E., Kayima, J., Kuteesa, M., Mutatina, B., Nyakoojo, W., Lwabi, P., Mondo, C.K., and Odoi-Adome, R. (2012). Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors among rheumatic heart disease patients in Uganda. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043917"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22425","article-title":"The developmental origins of chronic rheumatic heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Eriksson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.10.020","article-title":"A study on the association of TNF-\u03b1 (\u2212308), IL-6 (\u2212174), IL-10 (\u22121082) and IL-1Ra(VNTR) gene polymorphisms with rheumatic heart disease in Pakistani patients","volume":"61","author":"Rehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.007","article-title":"Echocardiography screening to detect rheumatic heart disease: A cohort study of schoolchildren in French Pacific Islands","volume":"188","author":"Mirabel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.06.029","article-title":"Association study involving polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-1RA, and CTLA4 genes and rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand population of Maori and Pacific ancestry","volume":"85","author":"Azevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix497","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of genetic risk factors for rheumatic heart disease in Aboriginal Australians provides support for pathogenic molecular mimicry","volume":"216","author":"Gray","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14946","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14946","article-title":"Association between a common immunoglobulin heavy chain allele and rheumatic heart disease risk in Oceania","volume":"8","author":"Parks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(69)90037-X","article-title":"Studies in the epidemiology and preventability of rheumatic fever. II. Socio-economic factors and the incidence of acute attacks","volume":"21","author":"Gordis","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181fbd85b","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever associated with household crowding in a developed country","volume":"30","author":"Jaine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199110001-00006","article-title":"Current status of nonsuppurative complications of group A streptococci","volume":"10","author":"Dajani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195807102590201","article-title":"Prevention of rheumatic fever by treatment of streptococcal infections. II. Factors responsible for failures","volume":"259","author":"Catanzaro","year":"1958","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1086\/506938","article-title":"Low rates of streptococcal pharyngitis and high rates of pyoderma in Australian aboriginal communities where acute rheumatic fever is hyperendemic","volume":"43","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen, A.C., Mahe, A., Hay, R.J., Andrews, R.M., Steer, A.C., Tong, S.Y., and Carapetis, J.R. (2015). The Global Epidemiology of Impetigo: A Systematic Review of the Population Prevalence of Impetigo and Pyoderma. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136789"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02129-15","article-title":"M-Protein Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates Associated with Acute Rheumatic Fever in New Zealand","volume":"53","author":"Williamson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002761","article-title":"Increasing hospitalizations for serious skin infections in New Zealand children, 1990\u20132007","volume":"139","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"29","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship using pharmacy data for the nurse-led school-based clinics in Counties Manukau District Health Board for management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infection","volume":"129","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"37","article-title":"Nurse-led school-based clinics for rheumatic fever prevention and skin infection management: Evaluation of Mana Kidz programme in Counties Manukau","volume":"129","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01658.x","article-title":"Proposed epidemiological case definition for serious skin infection in children","volume":"46","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00132-2","article-title":"Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Romani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398457-9.00005-6","article-title":"Scabies: Important clinical consequences explained by new molecular studies","volume":"79","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200104000-00004","article-title":"Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools","volume":"20","author":"Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3368","article-title":"Burden of acute sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in school-aged children and their families in Australia","volume":"120","author":"Danchin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Zimmer, C. (2001). Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea, HarperCollins."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040380001001","article-title":"Factors determining the attack rate of rheumatic fever","volume":"177","author":"Stolleman","year":"1961","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196406042702301","article-title":"Prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis among military personnel and their civilian dependents by mass prophylaxis","volume":"270","author":"Schneider","year":"1964","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0503.990308","article-title":"Respiratory diseases among US military personnel: Countering emerging threats","volume":"5","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200010000-00009","article-title":"Household crowding a major risk factor for epidemic meningococcal disease in Auckland children","volume":"19","author":"Baker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2011.02244.x","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in pre-school-aged children","volume":"48","author":"Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.063610","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with household crowding in a developed country","volume":"62","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"779","article-title":"Pharyngeal carriage of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci in coloured and Indian schoolchildren","volume":"64","author":"Ransome","year":"1983","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"528","article-title":"Group A streptococcal sore throat in a periurban population of northern India: A one-year prospective study","volume":"79","author":"Nandi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"14","article-title":"A three-year streptococcal survey among Singapore school children. Part I\u2014Carriership of streptococci","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"87","article-title":"Prevalence of streptococcal sorethroat in the school children of Dhaka","volume":"21","author":"Faruq","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med. Res. Counc. Bull."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"664","article-title":"Risk factors of streptococcal colonization in school age children","volume":"25","author":"Likitnukul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"101","article-title":"High group A streptococcal carriage in the Orthodox Jewish community of north Hackney","volume":"51","author":"Spitzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008655","article-title":"The dynamic nature of group A streptococcal epidemiology in tropical communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease","volume":"136","author":"McDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13421","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever and exposure to poor housing conditions in New Zealand: A descriptive study","volume":"53","author":"Oliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramer, A., Schwebke, I., and Kampf, G. (2006). How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1978.10.issue-1.10","article-title":"Hemolytic streptococci among infants in a maternity department. Report of an outbreak","volume":"10","author":"Bygdeman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(85)80135-3","article-title":"An outbreak of endometritis in a maternity unit caused by spread of group A streptococci from a showerhead","volume":"6","author":"Claesson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1256-8","article-title":"Similar environmental survival patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes strains of different epidemiologic backgrounds and clinical severity","volume":"24","author":"Wagenvoort","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66912-7","article-title":"Effect of handwashing on child health: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Luby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00886.x","article-title":"Skin sores in Aboriginal children","volume":"31","author":"Carapetis","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"Buckett, N.R., Marston, N.J., Saville-Smith, K., Jowett, J.H., and Jones, M.S. (2011). Preliminary BRANZ 2010 House Condition Survey Report, BRANZ. [2nd ed.]. BRANZ Study Report 240."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"106","article-title":"Boarding school outbreak of group A streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"5","author":"Rushdy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Rev."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12413","article-title":"Indoor visible mold and mold odor are associated with new-onset childhood wheeze in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"28","author":"Shorter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-202632","article-title":"Modelling the effects of low indoor temperatures on the lung function of children with asthma","volume":"67","author":"Pierse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"38","article-title":"Measuring potentially avoidable and ambulatory care sensitive hospitalisations in New Zealand children using a newly developed tool","volume":"125","author":"Craig","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1338949","article-title":"The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: A review","volume":"11","author":"Vanker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510391794","article-title":"The impact of smoking on oral and nasopharyngeal bacterial flora","volume":"90","author":"Brook","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Greene, C.E. (2013). Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, Elsevier\/Saunders. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.6.558-561.1980","article-title":"Serogroups and biotypes among beta-hemolytic streptococci of canine origin","volume":"11","author":"Biberstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.07.033","article-title":"Systematic review of factors contributing to penicillin treatment failure in Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis","volume":"137","author":"Pichichero","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709011856","article-title":"Group A streptococci in household pets\u2019 eyes\u2014A source of infection in humans?","volume":"29","author":"Falck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199505000-00007","article-title":"The family pet as an unlikely source of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection in humans","volume":"14","author":"Wilson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"63","article-title":"Awareness about sore-throat, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in a rural community","volume":"36","author":"Arya","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"875","article-title":"Participation of health workers, school teachers and pupils in the control of rheumatic fever: Evaluation of a training programme","volume":"29","author":"Iyengar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"215","article-title":"Communicating information about sore throats and rheumatic fever to South Auckland high-school students","volume":"113","author":"Harre","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series (2004). Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, WHO. Report of a WHO Expert Consultation Geneva, 29 October\u20131 November 2001."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"241","article-title":"Towards a uniform plan for the control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Africa\u2014The Awareness Surveillance Advocacy Prevention (A.S.A.P.) Programme","volume":"96","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"107","article-title":"Rheumatic fever in Samoa: Education as prevention","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pac. Health Dialog"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy150","article-title":"Primary prevention of rheumatic fever in the 21st century: Evaluation of a national programme","volume":"47","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"135","article-title":"Prevention and control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: The Cuban experience (1986\u20131996\u20132002)","volume":"19","author":"Nordet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. J. Afr."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91202-7","article-title":"10-year educational programme aimed at rheumatic fever in two French Caribbean islands","volume":"347","author":"Bach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-58","article-title":"Health education interventions to raise awareness of rheumatic fever: A systematic review protocol","volume":"2","author":"Ramsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-011-8271-1","article-title":"Cutting edge issues in rheumatic fever","volume":"42","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-5-199809010-00012","article-title":"Access to care is the centerpiece in the elimination of socioeconomic disparities in health","volume":"129","author":"Andrulis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197308162890701","article-title":"Effectiveness of comprehensive-care programs in preventing rheumatic fever","volume":"289","author":"Gordis","year":"1973","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81146-1","article-title":"Prevention of rheumatic fever in Costa Rica","volume":"121","author":"Arguedas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979704800602","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever in an Arabian Gulf country\u2014Effect of climate, advantageous socioeconomic conditions, and access to medical care","volume":"48","author":"Eltohami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2009.05.006","article-title":"Primary health care in New Zealand: Who has access?","volume":"93","author":"Jatrana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson, K.A., Volmink, J.A., and Mayosi, B.M. (2005). Antibiotics for the primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever: A meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-11"},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"CD000023","article-title":"Antibiotics for sore throat","volume":"11","author":"Spinks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001581","article-title":"First Presentation Acute Rheumatic Fever is Preventable in a Community Setting: A School Based Intervention","volume":"36","author":"Lennon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199102000-00010","article-title":"Immediate vs. delayed treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin V","volume":"10","author":"Hijazi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198707000-00004","article-title":"Adverse and beneficial effects of immediate treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin","volume":"6","author":"Pichichero","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80121-0","article-title":"Lack of impact of early antibiotic therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis on recurrence rates","volume":"117","author":"Gerber","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_153","unstructured":"(2017, April 01). New Zealand Ministry of Health Progress on the Better Public Services Rheumatic Fever Target, Available online: http:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/about-ministry\/what-we-do\/strategic-direction\/better-public-services\/progress-better-public-services-rheumatic-fever-target."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0910329","article-title":"Permethrin and ivermectin for scabies","volume":"362","author":"Currie","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001013","article-title":"The Importance of Scabies Coinfection in the Treatment Considerations for Impetigo","volume":"35","author":"Tasani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.024","article-title":"Impetigo and scabies\u2014Disease burden and modern treatment strategies","volume":"72","author":"Yeoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_157","unstructured":"Price, W.A. (2003). Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects, Keats Publishing. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.056663-0","article-title":"Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.23.2842","article-title":"Risk factors for infective endocarditis: Oral hygiene and nondental exposures","volume":"102","author":"Strom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-014-0342-2","article-title":"The oral microbiome diversity and its relation to human diseases","volume":"60","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(09)90006-3","article-title":"Pediatric infective endocarditis in the modern era","volume":"122","author":"Saiman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pediatric"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000133","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in New Zealand children 1994\u20132012","volume":"33","author":"Webb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"7","article-title":"Rheumatic fever in New Zealand: What are the teeth trying to tell us?","volume":"20","author":"Thornley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pac. Health Dialog"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.14.2.408-415.1976","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in oral streptococci","volume":"14","author":"Chassy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711767105","article-title":"A direct link between carbohydrate utilization and virulence in the major human pathogen group A Streptococcus","volume":"105","author":"Shelburne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"71","article-title":"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Prevalence and Background Factors: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Congiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafael da Silveira Moreira (2012). Epidemiology of Dental Caries in the World, Oral Health Care\u2014Pediatric, Research, Epidemiology and Clinical Practices, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/31951"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111001650","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune function: An overview","volume":"71","author":"Hewison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.05.1036","article-title":"The association between vitamin D levels and recurrent group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in adults","volume":"16","author":"Nseir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.11.012","article-title":"Vitamin D and tonsil disease--preliminary observations","volume":"75","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2014.0151","article-title":"Prevalence and Recent Trends in Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity among New Zealand Adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Utter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Obes."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12716","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in 4-5-year-old children in New Zealand: Results from the first 4 years (2009\u20132012) of the B4School Check programme","volume":"51","author":"Rajput","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.008","article-title":"NZiDep: A New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals","volume":"62","author":"Salmond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000166204","article-title":"Decreasing incidence of a history of acute rheumatic fever in chronic rheumatic heart disease","volume":"53","author":"Vendsborg","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cardiologia"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.6.1155","article-title":"The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the United States: Lessons in the rise and fall of disease. T. Duckett Jones memorial lecture","volume":"72","author":"Gordis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.774307","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease in Asia","volume":"118","author":"Carapetis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2009.01388.x","article-title":"High incidence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in the republics of Central Asia","volume":"12","author":"Omurzakova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2010.02.019","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease in indigenous populations","volume":"19","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00772.x","article-title":"Systematic review of rheumatic heart disease prevalence in children in developing countries: The role of environmental factors","volume":"38","author":"Steer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_181","unstructured":"Stollerman, G.H. (1975). Rheumatic Fever and Streptococcal Infection, Grune & Stratton."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)48235-8","article-title":"Observations on the mechanism of rheumatic fever","volume":"228","author":"Coburn","year":"1936","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engel, M.E., Stander, R., Vogel, J., Adeyemo, A.A., and Mayosi, B.M. (2011). Genetic susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis of twin studies. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025326"},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"297","article-title":"New Zealand trends in rheumatic fever: 1885\u20131971","volume":"82","author":"Stanhope","year":"1975","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.002425","article-title":"MHC class-II molecules and autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Nepom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20553","article-title":"A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Padyukov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3813","article-title":"Smoking interacts with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope in the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA)","volume":"14","author":"Too","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boechat Nde, O., Ogusku, M.M., Boechat, A.L., and Sadahiro, A. (2012). Interaction between smoking and HLA-DRB1*04 gene is associated with a high cardiovascular risk in Brazilian Amazon patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041588"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202535","article-title":"Smoking, the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and ACPA fine-specificity in Koreans with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for more than one pathogenic pathway linking smoking to disease","volume":"73","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121280","article-title":"Interaction of HLA-DRB1 *09:01 and *04:05 with Smoking Suggests Distinctive Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Beyond the Shared Epitope","volume":"40","author":"Bang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh169","article-title":"Fetal growth, maternal prenatal smoking, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease: A nationwide case-control study","volume":"33","author":"Sorensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00079","article-title":"The immune consequences of preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"Melville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015626329533","article-title":"Indicators of fetal growth and infectious disease in childhood\u2014A birth cohort with hospitalization as outcome","volume":"17","author":"Yuan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318159074b","article-title":"Hospitalizations in adolescence and early adulthood among Swedish men and women born preterm or small for gestational age","volume":"19","author":"Selling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e804","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2094","article-title":"Perinatal risk factors for hospitalization for pneumococcal disease in childhood: A population-based cohort study","volume":"119","author":"Mahon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300099X","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal factors associated with subsequent meningococcal, Haemophilus or enteroviral meningitis in children: Database study","volume":"142","author":"Goldacre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.197-c1","article-title":"Rheumatic fever revisited","volume":"11","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.197","article-title":"Revisiting the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and carditis","volume":"10","author":"Tandon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.005","article-title":"Post-infectious group A streptococcal autoimmune syndromes and the heart","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01119","article-title":"Serological Evidence of Immune Priming by Group A Streptococci in Patients with Acute Rheumatic Fever","volume":"7","author":"Raynes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000205","article-title":"Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"131","author":"Gewitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1086\/499812","article-title":"Temporal changes in streptococcal M protein types and the near-disappearance of acute rheumatic fever in the United States","volume":"42","author":"Shulman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_203","unstructured":"Bennett, J.E., Dolin, R., and Blaser, M.J. (2015). Non Suppurative Post Streptococcal Sequelae. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Elsevier\/Saunders. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.2.374","article-title":"Epidemiologic analysis of group A streptococcal serotypes associated with severe systemic infections, rheumatic fever, or uncomplicated pharyngitis","volume":"166","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66874-2","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever","volume":"366","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1086\/519384","article-title":"Group A streptococcal isolates temporally associated with acute rheumatic fever in Hawaii: Differences from the continental United States","volume":"45","author":"Erdem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1250-1254.2000","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of non-M-typeable group A Streptococcus isolates from a Thai population in northern Thailand","volume":"38","author":"Pruksakorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson, D.A., Smeesters, P.R., Steer, A.C., Morgan, J., Davies, M., Carter, P., Upton, A., Tong, S.Y., Fraser, J., and Moreland, N.J. (2016). Comparative M-protein analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes from pharyngitis and skin infections in New Zealand: Implications for vaccine development. BMC Infect. Dis., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1891-6"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182905f3d","article-title":"Increasing Incidence and Sociodemographic Variation in Community-Onset Staphylococcus Aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in New Zealand Children","volume":"32","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1447-x","article-title":"The role of viral agents in aetiopathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever","volume":"30","author":"Olgunturk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001847","article-title":"The effect of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius (K12) on Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis: A pragmatic trial in schools","volume":"37","author":"Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_212","unstructured":"Heart Foundation of New Zealand (2014). New Zealand Guidelines for Rheumatic Fever: Diagnosis, Management and Secondary Prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: 2014 Update, Heart Foundation of New Zealand."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002190","article-title":"Streptococcal Serology in Acute Rheumatic Fever Patients: Findings from Two High-income, High Burden Settings","volume":"38","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.036","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of acute rheumatic fever","volume":"13","author":"Burke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490150121036","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever: Jones criteria, 1992 update","volume":"268","author":"Dajani","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_216","first-page":"50","article-title":"New Zealand guidelines for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever: Small increase in the incidence of definite cases compared to the American Heart Association Jones criteria","volume":"126","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_217","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health (2016). Methodology Report 2015\/16: New Zealand Health Survey."},{"key":"ref_218","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health (2012). New Zealand Health Survey Methodology Report."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12315","article-title":"Southern Hemisphere Influenza and Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Influenza Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"ref_220","unstructured":"(2017, March 31). Adolescent Health Research Group Youth\u201912 National Health and Wellbeing Survey of New Zealand Secondary School Students: Questionnaire. Available online: https:\/\/www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz\/assets\/fmhs\/faculty\/ahrg\/docs\/youth12-questionnaire.pdf."},{"key":"ref_221","first-page":"108","article-title":"Exposure to harmful housing conditions is common in children admitted to Wellington Hospital","volume":"126","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043697","article-title":"Two experiments showing the effect of the interviewer\u2019s racial background on responses to questionnaires concerning racial issues","volume":"44","author":"Athey","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw040","article-title":"Outcome modelling strategies in epidemiology: Traditional methods and basic alternatives","volume":"45","author":"Greenland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.15","article-title":"Use and misuse of population attributable fractions","volume":"88","author":"Rockhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/22\/4515\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:34:43Z","timestamp":1760189683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/22\/4515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"references-count":224,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16224515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16224515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]}}}