{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:15:36Z","timestamp":1792444536698,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has been widely used as a disinfectant in drinking water in the past but its effects on water pipes have not been investigated deeply, mainly due to the difficult experimental set-up required to simulate real-life water pipe conditions. In the present paper, four different kinds of water pipes, two based on plastics, namely random polypropylene (PPR) and polyethylene of raised temperature (PERT\/aluminum multilayer), and two made of metals, i.e., copper and galvanized steel, were put in a semi-closed system where ClO2 was dosed continuously. The semi-closed system allowed for the simulation of real ClO2 concentrations in common water distribution systems and to simulate the presence of pipes made with different materials from the source of water to the tap. Results show that ClO2 has a deep effect on all the materials tested (plastics and metals) and that severe damage occurs due to its strong oxidizing power in terms of surface chemical modification of metals and progressive cracking of plastics. These phenomena could in turn become an issue for the health and safety of drinking water due to progressive leakage of degraded products in the water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T11:30:17Z","timestamp":1574163017000},"page":"4582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3858-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Vertova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Miani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Via Monte Leone 2-20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giordano","family":"Lesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Rondinini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Minguzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Falciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Via Monte Leone 2-20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Aldo","family":"Ortenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1986.tb05766.x","article-title":"A Review of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water Treatment","volume":"78","author":"Aieta","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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