{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:05:50Z","timestamp":1792069550224,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is evidence that hypopneas are more common than apneas in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We investigated the frequency distribution of hypopneas in 100 patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) (mean age 69 yrs \u00b1 7.8; 70% males), including 54 IPF cases, screened for OSA by home sleep testing. Fifty age- and sex-matched pure OSA patients were included as controls. In ILD-OSA patients the sleep breathing pattern was characterized by a high prevalence of hypopneas that were preceded by hyperpnea events configuring a sort of periodic pattern. This finding, we arbitrarily defined hyperpnea\u2013hypopnea periodic breathing (HHPB), was likely reflecting a central event and was completely absent in control OSA. Also, the HHPB was highly responsive to oxygen but not to the continuous positive pressure support. Thirty-three ILD-OSA patients (42%) with a HHPB associated with a hypopnea\/apnea ratio \u22653 had the best response to oxygen with a median residual AHI of 2.6 (1.8\u20135.6) vs. 28.3 (20.7\u201337.8) at baseline (p &lt; 0.0001). ILD-OSA patients with these characteristics were similarly distributed in IPF (54.5%) and no-IPF cases (45.5%), the most of them being affected by moderate\u2013severe OSA (p = 0.027). Future studies addressing the pathogenesis and therapy management of the HHPB should be encouraged in ILD-OSA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"4712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First Description of the Hyperpnea\u2013Hypopnea Periodic Breathing in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease-Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment Implications in a Real-Life Setting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Canora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Nicoletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Ghinassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Bruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e Generali, Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi-Cotugno, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Capaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2367-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Emanuele","family":"Polistina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sanduzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Bocchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Malattie dell\u2019Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-6-s71","article-title":"Update in diagnosis and management of interstitial lung disease","volume":"16","author":"Mikolasch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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