{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:51:28Z","timestamp":1791726688813,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]],"date-time":"2019-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JBK1801039 and JBK1809054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JBK1801039 and JBK1809054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have reported that air pollution negatively affects the tourism industry. This paper attempted to answer the following question: among different air pollutants, which one acts as the most adverse factor? The study was based on a sample of panel data covering 337 Chinese cities for the period between 2007 and 2016. Four pollutant indicators were inspected: PM      2 . 5      (particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in size), PM     10     (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in size), SO     2     (sulfur dioxide), and NO     2     (nitrogen dioxide). It was found that PM      2 . 5      had a significantly negative impact on both domestic and inbound tourist arrivals. Regarding the other three pollutant indicators, except for the negative influence of NO     2     on inbound tourist arrivals, no statistically significant impact was found. This study suggests that tourism policy makers should primarily focus on PM      2 . 5     , when considering the nexus between air quality and tourism development. According to our estimates, the negative impact of PM      2 . 5      on tourism is substantial. If the PM      2 . 5      concentration in the ambient air increases by 1    \u03bc   g\/m     3     (= 0.001 mg\/m     3    ), domestic and inbound tourist arrivals will decline by 0.482% and 1.227%, respectively. These numbers imply an average reduction of 81,855 person-times in annual domestic tourist arrivals and 12,269 in inbound tourist arrivals in each city.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1576473578000},"page":"5127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Impacts of Different Air Pollutants on Domestic and Inbound Tourism in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7161-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daxin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kao, E. 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