{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:46:10Z","timestamp":1778535970922,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a known carcinogen and mutagen associated with increased incidence of breast and blood cancers. The largest medical sterilization facility in Michigan had been assessed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as imposing an additional cancer risk greater than one in one thousand in nearby neighborhoods. This prompted the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (now referred to as the Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy) to conduct an air quality modeling study of the ambient EtO impacts of the sterilization facility, followed by 24 h Summa canister sampling and TO-15 analysis in two phases. Inverse modeling of the measured 24 h EtO concentrations during the second phase yielded estimates of 594 lbs\/year for the facility\u2019s total emissions of EtO and 0.247 \u00b5g\/m3 for the urban background concentration. The inverse-modeled emissions are similar to reported emissions by the facility operator based on indoor air measurements and simple mass balance assumptions, while the inferred background concentration agrees with estimates from other field investigations. The estimated peak 24 h exposure to EtO caused by the sterilization facility in nearby neighborhoods was 1.83 \u03bcg\/m3 above the background level, corresponding to an additional cancer risk of approximately one in one hundred, if assumed to represent annual mean exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1576835433000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ethylene Oxide Exposure Attribution and Emissions Quantification Based on Ambient Air Measurements near a Sterilization Facility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eduardo P.","family":"Olaguer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kilmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Haywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ethylene Oxide (2019, October 18). 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Methods"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"USEPA (1985). Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024891529592","article-title":"Ethylene oxide and breast cancer incidence in a cohort study of 7576 women (United States)","volume":"14","author":"Steenland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"2","article-title":"Mortality analyses in a cohort of 18235 ethylene oxide exposed workers: Follow up extended from 1987 to 1998","volume":"61","author":"Steenland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"USEPA (2016). Evaluation of the Inhalation Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide (CASRN 75-21-8) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"USEPA (2019, October 18). 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Update on Ethylene Oxide Monitoring Activities, National Association of Clean Air Agencies (NACAA) Air Toxics and Monitoring Committees."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/1\/42\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:43:44Z","timestamp":1760190224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/1\/42"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17010042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]}}}