{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:45:40Z","timestamp":1784796340218,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u201cvaccine hesitancy\u201d and the consequent lowering of vaccination coverage have, on one hand, pushed the Italian government to reintroduce some new compulsory vaccinations for access to schools and, on the other, have imposed a greater effort on health operators to understand the causes and, consequently, to intervene with tools for promotion and health education. In Ferrara, we administered 201 non-self-filling questionnaires to 201 pregnant women within a cross-sectional multicenter study, consisting of 63 items divided into 7 sections. In particular, we wanted to investigate the correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees and the sources used to obtain information and, on the other side, the intention to vaccinate in relation to the perception of the diffusion and of the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. The institutional information sources are less used by foreigners, primiparous, and women with a low education level. The perception of the severity of vaccine-preventable diseases was greater in those inquiring from institutional sources. In a public health perspective, knowing the profile of future mothers in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and of the quality of the used information channels may help to guide the choices of communication in the vaccination field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Use of Information Sources on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Pregnant Women: An Experience in Ferrara, Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gabutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Carioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Gamberoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Masetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Matteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaria","family":"Cappadona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantaleo","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Siliquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Stefanati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2019, September 16). The Power of Vaccines: Still not Fully Utilized\u2014Ten Years in Public Health 2007\u20132017. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/10-year-review\/vaccines\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). Ten Great Public Health Achievements\u2014Worldwide, 2001\u20132010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 60, 814\u2013818."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2019, September 25). Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011\u20132020. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/global_vaccine_action_plan\/GVAP_doc_2011_2020\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.042","article-title":"Progress and Challenges in Measles and Rubella Elimination in the WHO European Region","volume":"36","author":"Datta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Consiglio Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 (2019, September 16). Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale, Available online: http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/portale\/documentazione\/p6_2_2_1.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=2571."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"ECDC (2019, May 23). Monthly Measles and Rubella Monitoring Report. Available online: https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/measles-monthly-report-may-2019.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 (2019, September 26). Copertura Vaccinale in Italia. Available online: https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/vaccini\/dati_Ita#morbillo."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute (2017). Conversione in Legge, n.119. Con Modificazioni, Del Decreto-Legge 7 Giugno 2017 n. 73, Recante Disposizioni Urgenti in Materia Di Prevenzione Vaccinale."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Cartabellotta, N., Luceri, R., Cottafava, E., and Mosti, M. (2019). Vaccinazioni in Et\u00e0 Pediatrica: Impatto Dell\u2019obbligo Sulle Coperture Vaccinali in Italia, Fondazione GIMBE."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ames, H.M.R., Glenton, C., and Lewin, S. (2017). Parents\u2019 and Informal Caregivers\u2019 Views and Experiences of Communication about Routine Childhood Vaccination: A Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011787.pub2"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.046","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting Vaccine Uptake in Young Children","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, C., Cheater, F.M., Harrison, W., Peacock, R., Bekker, H., West, R., and Leese, B. (2011). Randomised Cluster Trial to Support Informed Parental Decision-Making for the MMR Vaccine. BMC Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-475"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2016.02.002","article-title":"The Impact of the Web and Social Networks on Vaccination. New Challenges and Opportunities Offered to Fight against Vaccine Hesitancy","volume":"46","author":"Stahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1407483","article-title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Italian Web Pages Mentioning Squalene-Based Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants Reveals a High Prevalence of Misinformation","volume":"14","author":"Panatto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"88","article-title":"Monitoring the Web to Support Vaccine Coverage: Results of Two Years of the Portal VaccinarS\u00ec","volume":"39","author":"Ferro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.036","article-title":"Vaccine Hesitancy: Definition, Scope and Determinants","volume":"33","author":"MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.29.1.7","article-title":"Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs among Parents: Beyond a Dichotomous Perspective","volume":"29","author":"Gust","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2018). Attitudes towards Compulsory Vaccination in Italy: Results from the NAVIDAD Multicentre Study. Vaccine, 36, 3368\u20133374.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.029"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bert, F., Olivero, E., Rossello, P., Gualano, M.R., Castaldi, S., Damiani, G., D\u2019Errico, M.M., Di Giovanni, P., Fantini, M.P., and Fabiani, L. (2019). Knowledge and Beliefs on Vaccines among a Sample of Italian Pregnant Women: Results from the NAVIDAD Study. Eur. J. Public Health.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz209"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2019, December 09). Allegato dati CEDAP anno 2016\u2014SISEPS\u2014E-R Salute. Available online: http:\/\/salute.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/siseps\/sanita\/cedap\/files\/Cedap_Allegato_dati_2016.pdf\/view."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354917711175","article-title":"Longitudinal Trends in Vaccine Hesitancy in a Cohort of Mothers Surveyed in Washington State, 2013\u20132015","volume":"132","author":"Henrikson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, K.F., Kroll, J.S., Hudson, M.J., Ramsay, M., Green, J., Long, S.J., Vincent, C.A., Fraser, G., and Sevdalis, N. (2010). Factors Underlying Parental Decisions about Combination Childhood Vaccinations Including MMR: A Systematic Review. Vaccine.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.052"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.08.041","article-title":"Geographic and Demographic Correlates of Autism-Related Anti-Vaccine Beliefs on Twitter, 2009\u20132015","volume":"191","author":"Tomeny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500408","article-title":"The Association between Intentional Delay of Vaccine Administration and Timely Childhood Vaccination Coverage","volume":"125","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanelli, P., Miglietta, A., Pezzotti, P., Fazio, C., Neri, A., Vacca, P., Voller, F., D\u2019Ancona, F.P., Guerra, R., and Iannazzo, S. (2016). Increased Incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease of Serogroup C\/Clonal Complex 11, Tuscany, Italy, 2015 to 2016. Eurosurveillance, 21.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.12.30176"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2019, September 16). Meningite da Meningococco C in Toscana e Lombardia 22\/12\/2016. Available online: https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/meningite\/2016."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettori, M., Arru, B., Azara, A., Piana, A., Mariotti, G., Camerada, M., Stefanelli, P., Rezza, G., and Castiglia, P. (2018). In the Digital Era, Is Community Outrage a Feasible Proxy Indicator of Emotional Epidemiology? The Case of Meningococcal Disease in Sardinia, Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071512"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/1\/233\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:46:21Z","timestamp":1760190381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/1\/233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17010233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]}}}