{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:43:33Z","timestamp":1790423013529,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China  and Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["51521006, 51609268, 51809019 and 2018JJ3096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51521006, 51609268, 51809019 and 2018JJ3096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porous graphitic biochar was synthesized by one-step treatment biomass using potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) as activator for both carbonization and graphitization processes. The modified biochar (Fe@BC) was applied for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in an aqueous solution. The as-prepared material possesses a well-developed micro\/mesoporous and graphitic structure, which can strengthen its adsorption capacity towards DCF. The experimental results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe@BC for DCF obtained from Langmuir isotherm simulation was 123.45 mg\u00b7L\u22121 and it was a remarkable value of DCF adsorption in comparison with that of other biomass-based adsorbents previously reported. Thermodynamic quality and effect of ionic strength studies demonstrated that the adsorption was a endothermic process, and higher environmental temperatures may be more favorable for the uptake of DCF onto Fe@BC surface; however, the presence of NaCl in the solution slightly obstructed DCF adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to be decreased with the increase of solution pH. Additionally, the possible mechanism of the DCF adsorption process on Fe@BC may involve chemical adsorption with the presence of H-bonding and \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 interaction. With high adsorption capacity and reusability, Fe@BC was found to be a promising absorbent for DCF removal from water as well as for water purification applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T07:40:55Z","timestamp":1577778055000},"page":"291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aqueous Solution by Potassium Ferrate-Activated Porous Graphitic Biochar: Ambient Condition Influences and Adsorption Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1685-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Thi Minh Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource &amp; Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Changsha Public Engineering Construction, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Changsha Public Engineering Construction, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.07.022","article-title":"Human health risk assessment of the mixture of pharmaceuticals in Dutch drinking water and its sources based on frequent monitoring data","volume":"496","author":"Houtman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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