{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:29:25Z","timestamp":1768444165751,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81761128030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81761128030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A0303130331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A0303130331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Foundation for the Youth Scholars of Sun Yat-sen University","award":["18ykpy15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ykpy15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This large-scale study aimed to test, among Chinese adolescents, the association between problematic Internet use (PIU), non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), and depressive symptoms, as well as the mediating effects of NMUPD on the associations above. This study used the data from the 2017 National School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, and 24,345 students\u2019 questionnaires qualified for the analyses. Generalized linear mixed models and path models were performed. In the models without mediation, PIU was associated with depressive symptoms (unstandardized \u03b2 estimate = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.25\u20130.27); frequent use of opioid or sedative was also related to depressive symptoms (unstandardized \u03b2 estimate for opioid = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.90\u20133.63; unstandardized \u03b2 estimate for sedative = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.02\u20135.88). Additionally, the results of the path models indicated that opioid misuse partially mediated the association between PIU and depressive symptoms. PIU and opioid\/sedative misuse were related to the increased risk of depressive symptoms, respectively. The association above might be complicated, and PIU may elevate the risk of opioid or sedative misuse and depressive symptoms, which in turn could worsen the situation of PIU and vice versa. Multidisciplinary health intervention programs to prevent adolescents involving in PIU, as well as NMPUD, are recommended to be provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1580110871000},"page":"774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Problematic Internet Use, Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs, and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents: A Large-Scale Study in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Beifang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciyong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.56","article-title":"Positive outcome expectancy mediates the relationship between social influence and Internet addiction among senior high-school students","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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