{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T05:45:26Z","timestamp":1772862326353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51608208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51608208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51979294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018JJ3887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JJ3887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JJ51005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ51005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["17K105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K105"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of  Hunan Province","award":["2019SK2191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SK2191"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cr(VI) contamination has posed great threat to both the ecosystem and human health for its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. A highly effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) was prepared and its adsorption mechanism was thoroughly discussed in this study. In detail, magnetic BiFeO3 and kenaf biochar were loaded on cross-linked chitosan to obtain chitosan-kenaf biochar@BiFeO3 (CKB) for improving adsorption capacity towards Cr(VI). The adsorption process of Cr(VI) onto CKB was evaluated as a function of the pH, the existence of competing ions, the initial concentration of Cr(VI) and contact time. The results show that CKB exhibits the highest adsorption capacity under the optimal pH 2.0. The presence of competing ions such as Ca2+, NO3\u2212, SO42\u2212, and Cl\u2212 decreases the adsorption capacity; among them, Ca2+ and NO3\u2212 show the greatest hindrance. By studying the effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption capacity, it was found that CKB in the solution was enough to remove Cr(VI) for all treatments (10\u2013200 mg\/L). The adsorption experimental data were well fitted with pseudo-first-order model, suggesting that chemisorption is not the dominant rate-limiting step. Freundlich isotherm model can better explain the adsorption process, indicating a non-ideal adsorption towards Cr(VI) on a heterogeneous surface of CKB. A 25-1 Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) showed that pH and initial concentration of Cr(VI) have significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption in our reaction system. In general, excellent adsorption efficiency of CKB indicates that it may be a good candidate for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminating wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1580125317000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Coupling of kenaf Biochar and Magnetic BiFeO3 onto Cross-Linked Chitosan for Enhancing Separation Performance and Cr(VI) Ions Removal Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daixi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art and Design, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiqi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.05.011","article-title":"Atrazine immobilization on sludge derived biochar and the interactive influence of coexisting Pb(II) or Cr(VI) ions","volume":"134","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puszkarewicz, A., and Kaleta, J. 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