{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:00:58Z","timestamp":1789063258269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009193","name":"Marsden Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E2987-3648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2987-3648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the evidence regarding Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) suggests that some personality traits are important risk factors for developing this problem. The heterogeneity involved in problematic online gaming and differences found in the literature regarding the comorbid psychopathology associated with the problem could be explained through different types of gamers. Clustering analysis can allow organization of a collection of personality traits into clusters based on similarity. The objectives of this study were: (1) to obtain an empirical classification of IGD patients according to personality variables and (2) to describe the resultant groups in terms of clinical and sociodemographic variables. The sample included 66 IGD adolescent patients who were consecutive referrals at a mental health center in Barcelona, Spain. A Gaussian mixture model cluster analysis was used in order to classify the subjects based on their personality. Two clusters based on personality traits were detected: type I \u201chigher comorbid symptoms\u201d (n = 24), and type II \u201clower comorbid symptoms\u201d (n = 42). The type I included higher scores in introversive, inhibited, doleful, unruly, forceful, oppositional, self-demeaning and borderline tendency traits, and lower scores in histrionic, egotistic and conforming traits. The type I obtained higher scores on all the Symptom Check List-90 items-Revised, all the State-Trait Anxiety Index scales, and on the DSM-5 IGD criteria. Differences in personality can be useful in determining clusters with different types of dysfunctionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Internet Gaming Disorder Clustering Based on Personality Traits in Adolescents, and Its Relation with Comorbid Psychological Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vega","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bueso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atenci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9957-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atenci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3082-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignasi","family":"Oliveras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0012-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9916-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ba\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atenci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3596-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"del Pino-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School of the University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atenci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). 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