{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:32:52Z","timestamp":1771601572066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Decreases in aerobic fitness during military operations have been observed in several studies. Thus, differences in training adaptations during a 6-month crisis-management operation were compared by using the change in endurance performance as the outcome measure. Sixty-six male soldiers volunteered for the study, consisting of pre\u2013post assessments of blood biomarkers, body composition, physical performance, and the military simulation test (MST) performance. Physical training volume was self-reported. After the follow-up, the data were divided based on individual changes in endurance performance. Endurance performance was improved in the high-responder group (HiR, n = 25) and maintained or decreased in the low-responder group (LoR n = 24). During the operation, the LoR group decreased while the HiR group increased their endurance training frequency from the pre-deployment level (\u0394 28 \u00b1 57% vs. \u221240 \u00b1 62%, p = 0.004). Fat mass decreased (\u22127.6 \u00b1 11.7% vs. 14.2 \u00b1 20.4%, p &lt; 0.001), and 1-min push-up (27.7 \u00b1 21.9% vs. 11.7 \u00b1 26.1%, p = 0.004) and MST performance improved (\u221213.6 \u00b1 6.8% vs. \u22127.5 \u00b1 6.5%, p = 0.006) more in the HiR group. No differences were observed in the changes of other physical performance test results or analyzed biomarkers. In conclusion, soldiers who were initially leaner and fitter in terms of lower body strength and power were more likely to decrease their aerobic fitness during the operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T07:33:46Z","timestamp":1583480026000},"page":"1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Differences in Training Adaptations of Endurance Performance during Combined Strength and Endurance Training in a 6-Month Crisis Management Operation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Pihlainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Training Division, Defence Command, P.O. Box 919, 00131 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keijo","family":"H\u00e4kkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Santtila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Military Pedagogy and Leadership, National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7674-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jani","family":"Raitanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, P.O. Box 100, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Military Pedagogy and Leadership, National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sharp, M.A., Patton, J.F., and Vogel, J.A. (2019, June 17). A Database of Physically Demanding Tasks Performed by U.S. Army Soldiers. Available online: http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a338922.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jaenen, S. (2020, January 26). Identification of Common Military Tasks. 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