{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:04:58Z","timestamp":1769573098259,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iran Food and Drug Administration","award":["HP-96-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP-96-32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The out-of-pocket payments for prescription medications can impose a financial burden on patients from low- and middle- incomes and who suffer from chronic diseases. The present study aims at evaluating the affordability of cardiovascular disease (CVD) medication in Iran. This includes measuring affordability through World Health Organization\/Health Action International (WHO\/HAI) methodology. In this method, affordability is characterized as the number of days\u2019 wages of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker. The different medication therapy scenarios are defined in mono-and combination therapy approaches. This method adds on to WHO\/HAI methodology to discover new approaches to affordability assessments. The results show the differences in the medicines affordability when different approaches are used in mono-and combination therapy between 6 main sub-therapeutic groups of CVD. It indicates the medicine affordability is not a static concept and it changes dynamically between CVD therapeutic subgroups when it used alone or in combination with other medicines regarding patients\u2019 characteristics and medical conditions. Hypertension and anti-arrhythmia therapeutic groups had the most non-affordability and hyperlipidemia had the most affordable medicines. Therefore, affordability can be considered as a dynamic concept, which not only affected by the medicine price but significantly affected by a patient\u2019s characteristics, the number of medical conditions, and insurance coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Zarei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Karimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najmeh","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Management and Economics Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Peymani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaheer-Ud-Din","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.308903","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease, part 1: The epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"121","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. 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