{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:25:12Z","timestamp":1789230312391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71573002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71573002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71673002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71673002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between individual social capital and functional ability, with a focus on whether there is an interactive relationship that exists among social capital related to functional ability among older people in Anhui province, China. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from July to September 2017. Data were collected through questionnaire including demographic characteristics, individual social capital status, and functional capability status. Binary logistic regression analysis model and classification and regression tree model (CART) were utilized. Overall, this study included 1810 elderly people, 43% of whom had functional disability. After the adjustment, subjects with lower social participation (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.26\u20132.03) and lower social connection (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.34\u20132.25) had an increased risk of functional disability. However, social support (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57\u20130.94) was inversely related to functional ability. We also observed interactive relationship of social capital associated with functional ability, which indicated that special attention and efforts should be paid to older adults with less educational attainment, with multimorbidity, with advanced age, and with lower level of social participation, cohesion for the purpose of maintaining sound functional ability. Our findings may be of salient relevance for devising more targeted and effective interventions to prevent the onset of functional limitations among community-dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1587444578000},"page":"2775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Functional Ability among Older People in Anhui Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0097-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantai","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61461-6","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive public health response to population ageing","volume":"385","author":"Beard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00049-8","article-title":"Why collaborative care matters for older adults in China","volume":"2","author":"Bartels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, P., Ding, H., Zhang, W., Duan, G., Yang, Y., Chen, R., Duan, Z., Du, L., Xie, C., and Jin, C. (2016). The association of multimorbidity and disability in a community-based sample of elderly aged 80 or older in Shanghai, China. BMC Geriatr., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0352-9"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imamura, H., Hamano, T., Michikawa, T., Takeda-Imai, F., Nakamura, T., Takebayashi, T., and Nishiwaki, Y. (2016). Relationships of Community and Individual Level Social Capital with Activities of Daily Living and Death by Gender. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090860"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). WHO Global Disability Action Plan 2014\u20132021: Better Health for All People with Disability, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.02.006","article-title":"Frequency, severity and determinants of functional limitations in older adults with joint pain and comorbidity: Results of a cross-sectional study","volume":"59","author":"Hermsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu018","article-title":"Functional disability and ability 75-year-olds: A comparison of two Swedish cohorts born 30 years apart","volume":"43","author":"Falk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lestari, S.K., Ng, N., Kowal, P., and Santosa, A. (2019). Diversity in the Factors Associated with ADL-Related Disability among Older People in Six Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Country Comparison. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081341"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Qin, J., Li, Y., Wei, Y., Long, B., Cai, J., Tang, J., Xu, X., Yu, G., and Zhang, Z. (2018). Disability and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in a County, Guangxi Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091967"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ran, L., Jiang, X., Li, B., Kong, H., Du, M., Wang, X., Yu, H., and Liu, Q. (2017). Association among activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in elderly Yi ethnic minority. BMC Geriatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0455-y"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/81311","article-title":"An assessment of factors related to disability in ADL and IADL in elderly inhabitants of rural areas of south-eastern Poland","volume":"25","author":"Sozanski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. AAEM"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1212282","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of disabilities among community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Kojima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabilit."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.015","article-title":"Social Frailty and Functional Disability: Findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies","volume":"18","author":"Teo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.11.003","article-title":"Depression and subjective economy7 among elderly people in Asian communities: Japan, Taiwan, and Korea","volume":"60","author":"Imai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00370-0","article-title":"Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review","volume":"48","author":"Stuck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317708882","article-title":"Influence of Type II Diabetes and High Depressive Symptoms on the Likelihood for Developing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Disability and Mortality in Older Puerto Ricans","volume":"29","author":"Downer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0891-6","article-title":"Disability in the Individual ADL, IADL, and Mobility among Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"21","author":"Bleijenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P., and Richardson, J.G. (1986). Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415015624419","article-title":"Effects of Living Alone on Social Capital and Health among Older Adults in China","volume":"82","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2016.04.003","article-title":"How does social capital matter to the health status of older adults? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1072799","article-title":"The impacts of community social capital on the life satisfaction of older adults in Hong Kong: The moderator role of intergenerational family capital","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201600030001","article-title":"Association between disability and social capital among community-dwelling elderly","volume":"19","author":"Gontijo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Epidemiol. Braz. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujihara, S., Tsuji, T., Miyaguni, Y., Aida, J., Saito, M., Koyama, S., and Kondo, K. (2019). Does Community-Level Social Capital Predict Decline in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living? A JAGES Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050828"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomioka, K., Kurumatani, N., and Hosoi, H. (2017). Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly. BMC Geriatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0491-7"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2017.01234","article-title":"Social support and care needs of the disabled elderly population: An empirical study based on survey data from Beijing, China","volume":"11","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000692","article-title":"Contributions of attachment theory and research: A framework for future research, translation, and policy","volume":"25","author":"Cassidy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Develop. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513496140","article-title":"Social capital and depression: Does household context matter?","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, F., Niu, L., Chen, R., Ma, Y., Qin, X., and Hu, Z. (2015). The association between social capital and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients in Anhui province, China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2138-y"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.06.019","article-title":"Religious social capital: Its measurement and utility in the study of the social determinants of health","volume":"73","author":"Maselko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, T., Okuyama, K., Abe, T., Takeda, M., Hamano, T., Nakano, K., and Nabika, T. (2019). Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Cognitive Function among Older Adults by Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122142"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1985.tb06317.x","article-title":"OARS Methodology","volume":"33","author":"George","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/36.4.428","article-title":"The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machuca, C., Vettore, M.V., Krasuska, M., Baker, S.R., and Robinson, P.G. (2017). Using classification and regression tree modelling to investigate response shift patterns in dentine hypersensitivity. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0396-3"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1161848","article-title":"Factors associated with ADL\/IADL disability in community dwelling older adults in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA)","volume":"39","author":"Connolly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabilit."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Combining activities of daily living with instrumental activities of daily living to measure functional disability","volume":"53","author":"Spector","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, J., and Rammohan, A. (2016). Social capital and healthy ageing in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3257-9"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1004160","article-title":"Social connections and happiness among the elder population of Taiwan","volume":"19","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.008","article-title":"The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis","volume":"195","author":"Ohrnberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, V.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Mantilla, F., Correa-Mu\u00f1oz, E., and Retana-Ugalde, R. (2017). Relationship between Social Support Networks and Physical Functioning in Older Community-Dwelling Mexicans. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14090993"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2014.09.006","article-title":"The measurement of social capital","volume":"29","author":"Kawachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"476","article-title":"Trends in ADL and IADL disability in community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China, 1998\u20132008","volume":"68","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., and Lu, N. (2019). What Matters Most for Community Social Capital among Older Adults Living in Urban China: The Role of Health and Family Social Capital. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040558"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy154","article-title":"Community involvement, trust, and health-related outcomes among older adults in India: A population-based, multilevel, cross-sectional study","volume":"48","author":"Joe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amemiya, A., Saito, J., Saito, M., Takagi, D., Haseda, M., Tani, Y., Kondo, K., and Kondo, N. (2019). Social Capital and the Improvement in Functional Ability among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Survival Analysis Using JAGES Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081310"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.11.002","article-title":"Social capital and preventive care use among the elderly under Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance","volume":"75","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300500","article-title":"Health-related quality of life among older adults with and without functional limitations","volume":"102","author":"Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/8\/2775\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:31:25Z","timestamp":1760362285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/8\/2775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17082775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17082775","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]}}}