{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T23:38:29Z","timestamp":1772494709500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vocabulary skills in infants with cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) are related to various factors. They remain underexplored among Mandarin-speaking infants with CL\/P. This study identified receptive and expressive vocabulary skills among Mandarin-speaking infants with unrepaired CL\/P prior to cleft palate surgery and their associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the Stomatological Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University between July 2017 and December 2018. The Putonghua Communicative Development Inventories-Short Form (PCDI-SF) was used to assess early vocabulary skills. Results: A total of 134 children aged 9\u201316 months prior to cleft palate surgery were included in the study. The prevalences of delays in receptive and expressive vocabulary skills were 72.39% (95% CI: 64.00\u201379.76%) and 85.07% (95% CI: 77.89\u201390.64%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression identified that children aged 11\u201313 months (OR = 6.46, 95% CI: 1.76\u201323.76) and 14\u201316 months (OR = 24.32, 95% CI: 3.86\u2013153.05), and those with hard\/soft cleft palate and soft cleft palate (HSCP\/SCP) (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.02\u201331.01) were more likely to be delayed in receptive vocabulary skills. Conclusions: Delays in vocabulary skills were common among Mandarin-speaking CL\/P infants, and age was positively associated with impaired and lagging vocabulary skills. The findings suggest the necessity and importance of early and effective identification of CL\/P, and early intervention programs and effective treatment are recommended for Chinese CL\/P infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T05:05:32Z","timestamp":1588050332000},"page":"3015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Skills and Their Correlates in Mandarin-Speaking Infants with Unrepaired Cleft Lip and\/or Palate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Si-Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan-Tong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Yan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1597\/10-178","article-title":"Genetics of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts","volume":"49","author":"Rahimov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofacial J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2015.10.003","article-title":"Time Trend of Incidence Rates of Cleft Lip\/Palate in Taiwan from 1994 to 2013","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. 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