{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:13:27Z","timestamp":1765610007800,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VI Edition of the Call for Proof of Concept: Impulse to the valorisation and marketing of research results (2018-2019)","award":["VI_Edition_2018_2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VI_Edition_2018_2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of Industry 4.0 to the field of Health Sciences facilitates precise diagnosis and therapy determination. In particular, its effectiveness has been proven in the development of personalized therapeutic intervention programs. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a computer application that allows the recording of the observational assessment of users aged 0\u20136 years old with impairment in functional areas and (2) to assess the effectiveness of computer application. We worked with a sample of 22 users with different degrees of cognitive disability at ages 0\u20136. The eEarlyCare computer application was developed with the aim of allowing the recording of the results of an evaluation of functional abilities and the interpretation of the results by a comparison with \"normal development\". In addition, the Machine Learning techniques of supervised and unsupervised learning were applied. The most relevant functional areas were predicted. Furthermore, three clusters of functional development were found. These did not always correspond to the disability degree. These data were visualized with distance map techniques. The use of computer applications together with Machine Learning techniques was shown to facilitate accurate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Future studies will address research in other user cohorts and expand the functionality of their application to personalized therapeutic programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T10:01:18Z","timestamp":1589191278000},"page":"3315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Functional Abilities in 0\u20136 Year Olds: An Analysis with the eEarlyCare Computer Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1736-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Consuelo","family":"S\u00e1iz-Manzanares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Research Group DATAHES, P\u00ba Comendadores s\/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Marticorena-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos, Research Group ADMIRABLE, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Avd. de Cantabria s\/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvar","family":"Arnaiz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos, Research Group ADMIRABLE, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Avd. de Cantabria s\/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.104073","article-title":"patient-similarity-based model for diagnostic prediction","volume":"135","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1659","article-title":"Enhanced approaches in decision support system using ai for achieving precision medicine","volume":"9","author":"Anandamurugan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2019.06.013","article-title":"Innovative Tools to Support Family Caregivers of Persons with Cancer: The Role of Information Technology","volume":"35","author":"Demiris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.05.006","article-title":"Data analytics in health promotion: Health market segmentation and classification of total joint replacement surgery patients","volume":"60","author":"Swenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1iz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-S\u00e1nchez, R., Arn\u00e1iz-Gonz\u00e1lez, \u00c1., D\u00edez-Pastor, J.F., and Rodr\u00edguez-Arribas, S. (2019, January 2\u20134). Computer Application for the Registration and Automation of the Correction of a Functional Skills Detection Scale in Early Care. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.21125\/inted.2019.1320"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.12.004","article-title":"Internet-Connected Technology in the Home for Adaptive Living","volume":"30","author":"Hampton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeadally, S., and Bello, O. (2019). Harnessing the power of Internet of Things based connectivity to improve healthcare. Internet Things, 100074.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2019.100074"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azevedo, R., and Aleven, V. (2013). Using Trace Data to Examine the Complex Roles of Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Emotional Self-Regulatory Processes During Learning with Multi-agent Systems. International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5546-3_28"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez, A., Viguer, P., and Cantero, M.J. (2003). Intervenci\u00f3n cognitiva en ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os [Cognitive intervention in young children]. Intervenci\u00f3n Temprana: Desarrollo \u00f3ptimo de 0 a 6 a\u00f1os, Pir\u00e1mide."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.02.012","article-title":"Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of \u201cFrom Zero to Forever\u201d","volume":"118","author":"Bernal","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1iz-Manzanares, M.C., and Carbonero-Mart\u00edn, M.\u00c1. (2017). Metacognitive precursors: An analysis in children with different disabilities. Brain Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7100136"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/02103702.2018.1553268","article-title":"Early childhood education and cultural learning: Systematic observation of the behaviour of a caregiver at the Emmi Pikler nursery school during breakfast","volume":"42","author":"Belza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infancia y Aprendizaje"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Observation of Metacognitive Skills in Natural Environments: A Longitudinal Study With Mixed Methods","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"15","article-title":"Emergencia y desarrollo temprano de la autorregulaci\u00f3n en ni\u00f1os preescolares. Profesorado [The emergence and early development of self-regulation in young children]","volume":"16","author":"Whitebread","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista de Curr\u00edculum y Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Vos, J., Gao, W., Chin, S., Iverson, D., and Weaver, J. (2014). Pro JavaFX 8: A Definitive Guide to Building Desktop, Mobile, and Embedded Java Clients, Apress."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25049","article-title":"Benchmarking Database Performance for Genomic Data","volume":"116","author":"Khushi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Hartson, R., and Pyla, P.S. (2012). The UX Book: Process and Guidelines for Ensuring a Quality User Experience, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Schwaber, K., and Beedle, M. (2002). Agile Software Development with Scrum. Upper PH, Pearson."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"IBM Corp (2016). SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM. Version 24."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witten, I.H., and Frank, E. (2002). Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. [2rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1145\/507338.507355"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2349","article-title":"Orange: Data Mining Toolbox in Python","volume":"14","author":"Demsar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-012-9577-7","article-title":"Scientific workflow systems: Pipeline Pilot and KNIME","volume":"26","author":"Warr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-016-9505-7","article-title":"Evaluation in artificial intelligence: From task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement","volume":"48","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Anastasi, A., and Urbina, S. (1998). Tests Psicol\u00f3gicos [Psychological Tests], Prentice-Hall. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.08.021","article-title":"Intelligent positive computing with mobile, wearable, and IoT devices: Literature review and research directions","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2019.04.012","article-title":"Leveraging Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis for the Investigation of IoT Devices","volume":"29","author":"Sayakkara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit. Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.05.016","article-title":"Data mining in course management systems: Moodle case study and tutorial","volume":"51","author":"Romero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2019.110479","article-title":"Status of research and development of learning-based approaches in nuclear science and engineering: A review","volume":"359","author":"Higley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1518-8","article-title":"A Scalable Smartwatch-Based Medication Intake Detection System Using Distributed Machine Learning","volume":"44","author":"Fozoonmayeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00002","article-title":"Can Working Memory Task-Related EEG Biomarkers Measure Fluid Intelligence and Predict Academic Achievement in Healthy Children?","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2019.1623251","article-title":"Machine behaviourism: Future visions of \u2018learnification\u2019 and \u2018datafication\u2019 across humans and digital technologies","volume":"45","author":"Knox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learn. Media Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Boyarshinov, V.T. (2020, May 07). Machine Learning Machine Learning in Computational Finance, Degree-Granting University, Location of University of Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York, May 2005. Available online: http:\/\/www.cs.rpi.edu\/~magdon\/LFDlabpublic.html\/Theses\/boyarshinov_victor\/boyarshinov_PhDthesis.pdf."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.04.003","article-title":"Instance selection for regression: Adapting DROP","volume":"201","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s13748-016-0081-5","article-title":"Random feature weights for regression trees","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, S., Luengo, J., and Herrera, F. (2015). Data Preprocessing in Data Mining. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10247-4"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Vapnik, V. (2013). The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory, Springer."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1214\/009053607000000677","article-title":"Kernel methods in machine learning","volume":"36","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2307\/1403796","article-title":"Fix and jl hodges (1951): An important contribution to nonparametric discriminant analysis and density estimation: Commentary on fix and hodges (1951)","volume":"57","author":"Silverman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Stat. Rev. Int. Stat."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"14","article-title":"Classification and regression trees","volume":"1","author":"Loh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2010.11.004","article-title":"Random feature weights for decision tree ensemble construction","volume":"13","author":"Maudes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlow, H., Mao, S., and Khushi, M. (2019). Predicting High-Risk Prostate Cancer Using Machine Learning Methods. Data, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/data4030129"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), APA.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"S\u00e1iz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-S\u00e1nchez, R., and Arnaiz-Gonz\u00e1lez, \u00c1. (2019). Ampliaci\u00f3n de eEarlyCare para la evaluaci\u00f3n y el dise\u00f1o del desarrollo Voice Assistant to e-EarlyCareProgram app. General Registry of the Intellectual Property BU-106-19, 2019, Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Registro Central de la Propiedad Intelectual."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"S\u00e1iz-manzanares, M.C., and P\u00e9rez, Y. (2019). Escala para la medici\u00f3n de habilidades funcionales [Scale for Measuring Functional Skills]. General Registry of the Intellectual Property 00\/2019\/4253, 2019, Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Registro Central de la Propiedad Intelectual."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Bluma, M.S., Shearer, M.S., Frohman, A.H., and Hilliard, J.M. (1978). Portage Guide to Early Education, Cooperative Educational Service Agency. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Josse, D. (1997). Escala de desarrollo psicomotor de la primera infancia Brunet-L\u00e9zine Revisado [Scale of Psychomotor Development of Early Childhood (Brunet-L\u00e9zine-Revised)], Psymt\u00e9c."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Newborg, J. (2005). Battelle Developmental Inventory. Examiner\u2019s Manual, Itasca. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Haley, S.M., Coster, W.J., Ludlow, L.H., Haltiwanger, J.T., and Andrellos, P.J. (2012). The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), Pearson Clinical Assessment. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Bandalos, D.L., and Finney, S.J. (2001). Item Parceling Issues in Structural Equation Modeling. New Developments and Techniques in Structural Equation Modeling, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"S\u00e1iz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-S\u00e1nchez, M.C., Araniz-Gonz\u00e1lez, \u00c1., and D\u00edez-Pastor, J.F. (2019). eEarlyCare Computer Program (Software). General Registry of the Intellectual Property 00\/2019\/3855, 2019, Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Registro Central de la Propiedad Intelectual."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/9\/3315\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:27:19Z","timestamp":1760174839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/9\/3315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17093315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093315","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]}}}