{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:01:57Z","timestamp":1778616117841,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased antimicrobial resistance among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of gastroenteritis is a public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. We set out to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals at a tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. Stool samples were screened, and 79 HIV-infected individuals matched by age and sex with 84 HIV-uninfected individuals that presented with E. coli associated gastroenteritis were studied. Demographics were collected from the Laboratory Information System (LIS) and stool samples were collected in a sterile leak-proof container. Samples were cultured and only those where E. coli was isolated were included in the study and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion technique. HIV-positive individuals were 3 times (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.17; 95% CI (1.51, 6.66); p &lt; 0.001) more likely to be resistant to quinolones compared with their HIV-negative counterparts. Similarly, HIV-positive individuals were almost 4 times (AOR = 3.97, 95% CI (1.37, 11.46); p = 0.011) more likely to have multidrug-resistant E. coli compared with those who were HIV-negative. HIV infection was associated with reduced E. coli susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics, and most cases showed resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T10:53:55Z","timestamp":1589280835000},"page":"3355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Susceptibility Reduction amongst HIV-Infected Individuals at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Freeman","family":"Chabala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutinta","family":"Madubasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mable Mwale","family":"Mutengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Njeleka","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaunda","family":"Yamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0461-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Kaonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00190","article-title":"HIV-Exposed uninfected infants in zimbabwe: Insights into health outcomes in the pre-antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"7","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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