{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:41:24Z","timestamp":1791110484947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST107-2221-E-131-021-MY3 and MOST 108-2221-E-131-024-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST107-2221-E-131-021-MY3 and MOST 108-2221-E-131-024-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This preliminarily study was made to examine the differences in sweat excretions from human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in dynamic exercise and heat conditions. Sweat samples were collected from six young males while they were either running on a treadmill or sitting in a sauna cabinet. Sweat samples of at least 5 mL from the eccrine (upper\u2212back) and apocrine (armpit) sweat glands were collected during a 20\u2212min running (or inactive overheating) period. The samples were then analyzed for urea, uric acid, and electrolyte (Na+, Cl\u2212, and K+) excretions. The results from a two\u2212way repeated\u2212measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the secretions of urea and K+ were significantly higher during running than during inactive overheating for both glands, as were Na+ secretions for the apocrine glands (all P &lt; 0.05). Under the same sweating conditions, urea and K+ excretions from the apocrine glands were also higher than those from the eccrine glands (all P &lt; 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the Na+ secretions of the apocrine and eccrine glands under the running condition. The effects of various sweating methods and sweat glands on Cl\u2212 secretions were nonsignificant, and little uric acid was excreted. A higher urea excretion level during running rather than in hot conditions could be attributed to an elevated metabolic rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T10:53:55Z","timestamp":1589280835000},"page":"3377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Comparative Study of the Composition of Sweat from Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands during Exercise and in Heat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1292-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hui","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.x","article-title":"A short history of sweat gland biology","volume":"29","author":"Wilke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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