{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:03:17Z","timestamp":1787313797360,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005640","name":"Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["072086_YCSA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["072086_YCSA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Around 40% of children are exposed to tobacco smoke, increasing their risk of poor health. Previous research has demonstrated misunderstanding among smoking parents regarding children\u2019s exposure. The parental perceptions of exposure (PPE) measure uses visual and textual vignettes to assess awareness of exposure to smoke. The study aimed to determine whether PPE is related to biochemical and reported measures of exposure in children with smoking parents. Families with at least one smoking parent and a child \u2264 age 8 were recruited. In total, 82 parents completed the PPE questionnaire, which was assessed on a scale of 1\u20137 with higher scores denoting a broader perception of exposure. Parents provided a sample of their child\u2019s hair and a self-report of parental smoking habits. Parents who reported smoking away from home had higher PPE ratings than parents who smoke in and around the home (p = 0.026), constituting a medium effect size. PPE corresponded with home smoking frequency, with rare or no home exposure associated with higher PPE scores compared to daily or weekly exposure (p &lt; 0.001). PPE was not significantly related to hair nicotine but was a significant explanatory factor for home smoking location. PPE was significantly associated with parental smoking behaviour, including location and frequency. High PPE was associated with lower exposure according to parental report. This implies that parental understanding of exposure affects protective behaviour and constitutes a potential target for intervention to help protect children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1589424941000},"page":"3397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Parental Perceptions of Children\u2019s Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Parental Smoking Behaviour"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoshana","family":"Shiloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61388-8","article-title":"Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: A retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries","volume":"377","author":"Oberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0958","article-title":"Meta-analysis of parental protection of children from tobacco smoke exposure","volume":"133","author":"Rosen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx169","article-title":"Parental perceptions and misconceptions of child tobacco smoke exposure","volume":"20","author":"Rosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. 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