{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:17:52Z","timestamp":1787498272833,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients referred for orthodontic treatment often present symptoms of temporomandibular joints\u2019 disorders (TMD), predominantly clicking. The objective was to analyze the morphology of the temporomandibular joints in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images based on the presence of reciprocal clicking before orthodontic treatment. Methods: 105 participants took part in the study. 210 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were allocated into one of two groups regarding the presence of reciprocal clicking. Morphology of condyle\u2019s head, glenoid fossa, and articular eminence as well as condylar head position in the glenoid fossa and osteoarthritic changes in the area of the condylar head were examined for each TMJ in the CBCT images. Statistical analysis was performed with STATISTICA version 12.0. The following tests were performed: U-Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, t-Student, and chi-square. The statistical significance level was p = 0.05 for all the measurements included. Results: Significantly smaller condylar A-P dimension (p = 0.040) characterized temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking. Condyles were substantially more often positioned posteriorly (p = 0.043) and were significantly more often accompanied by subcortical cysts and pathologic osteoarthritic bone changes (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The early stages of internal derangements stay with alterations in morphology and position of TMJs as well as with the presence of osteoarthritic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T10:27:19Z","timestamp":1589452039000},"page":"3428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Temporomandibular Joints\u2019 Morphology and Osteoarthritic Changes in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images in Patients with and without Reciprocal Clicking\u2014A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Derwich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mitus-Kenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 31-008 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Pawlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Okeson, J.P. 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