{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:45:46Z","timestamp":1773805546703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Analysis of travel mode choice is vital in policymaking and transportation planning to comprehend and forecast travel demands. Universities resemble major trip attraction hubs, with many students and faculty members living on campus or nearby. This study aims to investigate the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on the travel mode choice of university students. A nested ensemble approach with artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to model the mode choice behavior. It was found that students generally prefer motorized modes (bus and car). A more detailed analysis revealed that teenage students (aged 17\u201319 years) had an approximately equal probability of selecting motorized and non-motorized modes. Graduate students revealed a higher tendency to select motorized modes compared with other students. The findings of this study demonstrate the need to promote non-motorized modes of transport among students, which is possible by providing favorable infrastructure for these modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:48:24Z","timestamp":1589942904000},"page":"3549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Nested Ensemble Approach with ANNs to Investigate the Effect of Socioeconomic Attributes on Active Commuting of University Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Assi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum &amp; Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uneb","family":"Gazder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bahrain (Issa Town Campus), Zallaq 32038, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9601-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al-Sghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum &amp; Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum &amp; Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2018.09.002","article-title":"Applying a random forest method approach to model travel mode choice behavior","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Behav. 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