{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T12:49:53Z","timestamp":1788698993389,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Physical diseases, such as infection, and emotional distress are associated with herpes zoster (HZ). However, the relationship between adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACoS) and HZ remains unknown. Objective: This study investigated the risk of HZ development in patients with ACoS. Methods: We analyzed the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of 1 million beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients newly diagnosed with ACoS during the 2000\u20132012 period were the case group. Each patient with ACoS was matched to a control, according to age and index year, through frequency matching. HZ was the primary event in this study. Results: A total of 60,478 patients were included and each group contained 30,239 patients. The risk of HZ infection in the case cohort was 1.28 times that of the control cohort. ACoS increased the risk of HZ infection in each age group, particularly among patients aged younger than 50 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31\u20131.75]. Relative to the control group, the hazard ratio of HZ for male patients (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26\u20131.55) in the case group was higher than that for female patients (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.32). Conclusion: Patients with ACoS have a higher risk of HZ development, particularly among those aged younger than 50 years. The effect of ACoS on HZ development among young adults requires attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1589971058000},"page":"3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chao-Yu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40401, Taiwan"},{"name":"The General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of General Education, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, National Chi Nan University, Puli 54561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Rural Generalist Program Japan, GENEPRO, Asahi Shi 289-2505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Der-Shin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9926-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573216676786","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: Review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.249","article-title":"Treatment strategy for frozen shoulder","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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