{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:11:11Z","timestamp":1772770271065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to examine aggressive behaviors among Romanian high school students between 15 and 16 years old, to compare data in two national representative samples and to identify factors associated with physical fighting. This study investigates the association of selected factors (social, school performance and substance use) with physical fighting. A total of 2289 Romanian students were included in the 2007 database and 2770 in the 2011 database. This study revealed that 35.87% of the teenagers have taken part in a physical fight during the previous 12 months, as compared with the European average of 31.5%. Romania has the highest prevalence of violent behavior by participating in a group bruising of an individual in both surveys, 2007 and 2011. A logistic regression analysis performed for the 2011 study revealed the following factors associated with physical fighting: binge drinking during the previous 30 days, male gender, serious problems with friends, parent(s) who do not know where and with whom the adolescents spend their evenings, poor parental caring, low school grades, and high truancy. A decrease in almost all aggressive behaviors was noticed in 2011, compared to 2007. These findings may be useful to support and guide policy makers regarding improvement and implementation of strategies to further prevent aggressive behaviors in teenagers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1590389020000},"page":"3670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aggressive Behaviors among 15\u201316-Year-Old Romanian High School Students: Results from Two Consecutive Surveys Related to Alcohol and Other Drug Use at the European Level"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adina","family":"Bucur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300172 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Ursoniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300172 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Caraion-Buzdea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300172 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virgil","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300172 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Florescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Professional Development, The National School of Public Health, 021253 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Vladescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300172 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Management and Professional Development, The National School of Public Health, 021253 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1992.tb01000.x","article-title":"Bully\/victim problems among middle school children","volume":"62","author":"Boulton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-5413-9","article-title":"A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries","volume":"54","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800903","article-title":"Identifying and targeting risk for involvement in bullying and victimization","volume":"48","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki105","article-title":"Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: International comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries","volume":"15","author":"Due","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.4.348","article-title":"Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth","volume":"157","author":"Nansel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Pepler, D., and Rubin, K. (1991). Bully\/victim problems among school children: Some basic facts and effects of a schoolbased intervention program. The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, Erlbaum."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1991.9924646","article-title":"Bullying among Australian School Children: Reported Behavior and Attitudes toward Victims","volume":"131","author":"Rigby","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Smith, P.K., and Sharpe, S. (1994). The problem of school bullying. School Bullying, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/14.2.173","article-title":"Violent behaviour among Turkish high school students and correlates of physical fighting","volume":"14","author":"Alikasifoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"4","article-title":"School-yard bullying\u2014Grounds for intervention","volume":"6","author":"Olweus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sch. Saf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(04)00057-6","article-title":"Recent research findings on aggressive and violent behavior in youth: Implications for clinical assessment and intervention","volume":"35","author":"Rappaport","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2009.08.002","article-title":"Violence in adolescents: Social and behavioural factors","volume":"24","author":"Sousa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Inchley, J., Currie, D., Young, T., Samdal, O., Torsheim, T., Augustson, L., Mathison, F., Aleman-Diaz, A., Molcho, M., and Weber, M. (2016). Growing up Unequal: Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in Young People\u2019s Health and Well-Being. Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study: International Report from the 2013\/2014 Survey. Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, WHO Regional Office for Europe."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.125","article-title":"Physical fighting among Egyptian adolescents: Social and demographic correlates among a nationally representative sample","volume":"1","author":"Celedonia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peer J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.02.015","article-title":"Physical fighting among school-going Portuguese adolescents: Social and behavioural correlates","volume":"52","author":"Fraga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-6-18","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Namibia","volume":"6","author":"Rudatsikira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427801038001003","article-title":"A comparison of social developmental processes leading to violent behavior in late adolescence for childhood initiators and adolescent initiators of violence","volume":"38","author":"Herrenkohl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Res. Crime Delinq."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01325432","article-title":"The Social Development Model: An integrated approach to delinquency prevention","volume":"6","author":"Hawkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Prim. Prev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2002.tb06517.x","article-title":"Development of the Social Ecology Model of Adolescent Interpersonal Violence Prevention (SEMAIVP)","volume":"72","author":"Riner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2010.06.004","article-title":"Adolescent fighting: Racial\/ethnic disparities and the importance of families and schools","volume":"10","author":"Shetgiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1993.tb02257.x","article-title":"The impact of caring and connectedness on adolescent health and well-being","volume":"29","author":"Resnick","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.931","article-title":"Adolescent assault injury: Risk and protective factors and locations of contact for intervention","volume":"112","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199912000-00021","article-title":"Interpersonal violence","volume":"11","author":"Fein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2003.15.3.235","article-title":"The role of family, peers and school perceptions in predicting involvement in youth violence","volume":"15","author":"Laufer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2014.06.020","article-title":"Why adolescents fight: A qualitative study of youth perspectives on fighting and its prevention","volume":"15","author":"Shetgiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Clemente, R.J., Hansen, W.B., and Ponton, L.E. (1996). Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Handbook of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior, Plenum Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0203-0"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marlatt, G.A., and VandenBos, G.R. (1997). Addictive Behaviors: Readings on Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment, American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/10248-000"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Smelser, N.J., and Baltes, P.B. (2001). Adolescent Health and Health Behaviors. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(97)00145-1","article-title":"The relationship among bullying, victimization, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children","volume":"24","author":"Craig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (1993). Understanding and preventing bullying. Crime and Justice, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031307","article-title":"Understanding and preventing violence directed against teachers: Recommendations for a national research, practice, and policy agenda","volume":"68","author":"Espelage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Currie, C., Gabhainn, S.N., Godeau, E., Roberts, C., Smith, R., Currie, D., Pickett, W., Richter, M., Morgan, A., and Barnekow, V. (2008). Inequalities in Young People\u2019s Health: HBSC International Report from the 2005\/2006 Survey, WHO Regional Office for Europe."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Currie, C., Zanotti, C., Morgan, A., Currie, D., de Looze, M., Roberts, C., Samdal, O., and Barnekow, V. (2012). Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study: International Report from the 2009\/2010 Survey, WHO Regional Office for Europe."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2010.51.250","article-title":"Changing patient classification system for hospital reimbursement in Romania","volume":"51","author":"Radu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"89","article-title":"A Health System Focused on Citizen\u2019s Needs","volume":"8","author":"Vladescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Romania. Hospital Services, Primary Health Care and Human Resources. Rev. Rom. Bioet."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Hibell, B., Guttormsson, U., Ahlstr\u00f6m, S., Balakireva, O., Bjarnason, T., Kokkevi, A., Kraus, L., Miller, P., and Plant, M. (2009). The 2007 ESPAD Report. Substance Use among Students in 35 European Countries, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Available online: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/sites\/espad.org\/files\/The_2007_ESPAD_Report-FULL_091006.pdf."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Hibell, B., Guttormsson, U., Ahlstr\u00f6m, S., Balakireva, O., Bjarnason, T., Kokkevi, A., and Kraus, L. (2012). The 2011 ESPAD Report. Substance Use among Students in 36 European Countries, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Available online: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/sites\/espad.org\/files\/The_2011_ESPAD_Report_FULL_2012_10_29.pdf."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2014, July 01). ESPAD Database, 2007, 2011. Available online: fttp:\/\/www.espad.org\/database."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhang, Y., Xi, B., and Bovet, P. (2017). Physical fighting and associated factors among adolescents aged 13-15 years in six Western Pacific countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111427"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2010.08.001","article-title":"Gender differences in the relative impact of physical and relational bullying on adolescent injury and weapon carrying","volume":"48","author":"Dukes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1614","article-title":"Trends and socioeconomic correlates of adolescent physical fighting in 30 countries","volume":"131","author":"Pickett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108S","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539514542423","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with physical fighting among Malaysian adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Hasim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215126","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/215126","article-title":"The prevalence of very frequent physical fighting among boys and girls in 27 countries and cities: Regional and gender differences","volume":"2013","author":"Swahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515584348","article-title":"Youth Violence: How Gender Matters in Aggression Among Urban Early Adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Gielen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/07370016.2012.670558","article-title":"Girls and Violence: A Review of the Literature","volume":"29","author":"Herrman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Community Health Nurs."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahn, M., Brumbaugh, S., Steffensmeier, D., Feld, B., Morash, M., Chesney-Lind, M., Miller, J., Payne, A.A., Gottfredson, D.C., and Kruttschnitt, C. (2008). Violence by Teenage Girls: Trends and Context, US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.","DOI":"10.1037\/e450102008-001"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.530","article-title":"Predictors of future fight-related injury among adolescents","volume":"113","author":"Borowsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.6.539","article-title":"A cross-national study of violence-related behaviors in adolescents","volume":"158","author":"Iachan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci3020227","article-title":"Adolescent physical fighting in Ghana, their demographic and social characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Acquah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaikh, M.A., Abio, A., Celedonia, K.L., and Lowery Wilson, M. (2019). Physical fighting among school-attending adolescents in Pakistan: Associated factors and contextual influences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245039"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.4.432","article-title":"Performance models for antisocial boys","volume":"41","author":"Patterson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, May 13). Youth Violence and Alcohol Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/world_report\/factsheets\/fs_youth.pdf."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1086\/449112","article-title":"Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency","volume":"Volume 7","author":"Morris","year":"1986","journal-title":"Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"409","article-title":"The role of alcohol and drug consumption in determining physical fights and weapon carrying by teenagers","volume":"27","author":"Markowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"East. Econ. J."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"241","article-title":"Intoxication and aggression","volume":"Volume 13","author":"Tonry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Drugs and Crime: Crime and Justice, A Review of Research"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Collins, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of the relationship between alcohol use and crime. Drinking and Crime: Perspectives on the Relationships between Alcohol Consumption and Criminal Behaviour, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Reiss, A.J., and Roth, J.A. (1993). Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 1, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1985.46.161","article-title":"Alcohol and property crime: Exploring the causal nexus","volume":"46","author":"Cordilia","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0288-z","article-title":"Predicting risk-taking with and without substance use: The effects of parental monitoring, school bonding, and sports participation","volume":"13","author":"Dever","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_60.1","unstructured":"(2020, April 10). LAW no. 35 of March 2, 2007 on increasing safety in educational institutions. In Official Gazette Number 165"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_60.2","unstructured":"8 March 2007\/LEGE nr. 35 din 2 martie 2007 privind cre\u015fterea siguran\u0163ei \u00een unit\u0103\u0163ile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen Monitorul Oficial nr. 165"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_60.3","unstructured":"8 martie 2007. Available online: http:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/80050."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_61.1","unstructured":"(2020, April 10). LAW no. 29 of March 2, 2010 for the amendment and completion of Law no. 35\/2007 on increasing safety in educational institutions. In Official Gazette number 143"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_61.2","unstructured":"4 March 2010\/LEGE nr. 29 din 2 martie 2010 pentru modificarea \u015fi completarea Legii nr. 35\/2007 privind cre\u015fterea siguran\u0163ei \u00een unit\u0103\u0163ile de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen Monitorul Oficial nr. 143"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_61.3","unstructured":"4 martie 2010. Available online: https:\/\/lege5.ro\/Gratuit\/geztenjuhe\/legea-nr-29-2010-pentru-modificarea-si-completarea-legii-nr-35-2007-privind-cresterea-sigurantei-in-unitatile-de-invatamant."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/10\/3670\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:31:41Z","timestamp":1760175101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/10\/3670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17103670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103670","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]}}}