{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:22:43Z","timestamp":1790954563753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH35122 and R01MH06030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH35122 and R01MH06030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a pervasive public health problem worldwide, with negative health consequences across the lifespan. Despite these adverse outcomes, identifying children who are being maltreated remains a challenge. Thus, there is a need to identify reliably observable features of parent\u2013child interaction that indicate risk for CM and that can instigate strategically targeted family supports. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess multiple aspects of observed mother\u2013child interaction from infancy to late adolescence as risk indicators of the overall severity of CM by age 18. Mother\u2013child dyads were assessed in infancy (N = 56), at age 7 years (N = 56), and at age 19 years (N = 56\/110). Severity of CM through age 18 was indexed by combined prospective and retrospective assessments. Interactions associated with severity of CM by age 18 included maternal hostility in infancy, maternal withdrawal in infancy and middle childhood, child disorganized attachment behavior in middle childhood and late adolescence, as well as hostile and role-confused interactions in late adolescence. This study identifies new indices of maternal and child behavior as important risk indicators for the severity of CM. These indices could be used to improve early identification and tailor preventive interventions for families at risk for CM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T05:35:52Z","timestamp":1590557752000},"page":"3749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Aspects of Parent\u2013Child Interaction from Infancy to Late Adolescence are Associated with Severity of Childhood Maltreatment through Age 18"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1035 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Rajamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1035 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0819-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ann","family":"Easterbrooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlen","family":"Lyons-Ruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1035 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12192","article-title":"From the cradle to the grave: The effect of adverse caregiving environments on attachment and relationships throughout the lifespan","volume":"24","author":"Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. 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