{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:55:10Z","timestamp":1761630910446,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the major contributors of malaria-related deaths in Sub-Saharan African countries is the limited accessibility to quality care. In these countries, malaria control activities are implemented at the health-district level (operational entity of the national health system), while malaria readiness indicators are regionally representative. This study provides an approach for estimating health district-level malaria readiness indicators from survey data designed to provide regionally representative estimates. A binomial-hierarchical Bayesian spatial prediction method was applied to Burkina Faso Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey data to provide estimates of essential equipment availability and readiness for malaria care. Predicted values of each indicator were adjusted by the type of health facility, location, and population density. Then, a health district composite readiness profile was built via hierarchical ascendant classification. All surveyed health-facilities were mandated by the Ministry of Health to manage malaria cases. The spatial distribution of essential equipment and malaria readiness was heterogeneous. Around 62.9% of health districts had a high level of readiness to provide malaria care and prevention during pregnancy. Low-performance scores for managing malaria cases were found in big cities. Health districts with low coverage for both first-line antimalarial drugs and rapid diagnostic tests were Baskuy, Bogodogo, Boulmiougou, Nongr-Massoum, Sig-Nonghin, Dafra, and Do. We provide health district estimates and reveal gaps in basic equipment and malaria management resources in some districts that need to be filled. By providing local-scale estimates, this approach could be replicated for other types of indicators to inform decision makers and health program managers and to identify priority areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T04:09:03Z","timestamp":1591070943000},"page":"3923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How to Estimate Optimal Malaria Readiness Indicators at Health-District Level: Findings from the Burkina Faso Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toussaint","family":"Rouamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie, Biostatistique et recherche clinique, Ecole de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgien"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institute for Research in Health Sciences, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, 42, Avenue Kumda-Yoore, BP 218 Ouagadougou CMS 11, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekou","family":"Samadoulougou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheick Sa\u00efd","family":"Compaor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, 03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halidou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institute for Research in Health Sciences, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, 42, Avenue Kumda-Yoore, BP 218 Ouagadougou CMS 11, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Gaudart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Hop Timone, BioSTIC, F-13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, UMR1252 Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 &amp; Traitement de l\u2019Information M\u00e9dicale, 13385 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fati","family":"Kirakoya-Samadoulougou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie, Biostatistique et recherche clinique, Ecole de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgien"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015","volume":"526","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606701","article-title":"Mapping Plasmodium falciparum Mortality in Africa between 1990 and 2015","volume":"375","author":"Gething","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. 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