{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:25:21Z","timestamp":1784258721994,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) represents a neurological emergency that is characterized by a lack of response to the third line of antiepileptic treatment, including intravenous general anesthetics. It is a medical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recommended as a nonpharmacologic option of treatment after other alternatives are unsuccessful. Its effect on the cessation of SRSE has been minimally investigated. The objective of this article is to analyze the effect of ECT on SRSE. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary team created a protocol based on clinical guidelines similar to those described previously by Ray et al. (2017). ECT was applied to six patients with SRSE after the failure of antiepileptic treatment and pharmacologic coma.The objective of each ECT session was to elicit a motor seizure for at least 20 s. SRSE was resolved in all patients after several days of treatment, including ECT as a therapy, without relevant adverse effects. Thus, ECT is an effective and feasible option in the treatment of SRSE, and its place in the algorithm in treatment should be studied due to the uncommon adverse effects and the noninvasive character of the therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1591679774000},"page":"4023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Electroconvulsive Therapy in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: Case Series with a Defined Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1364-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1197-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"V\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Isidro-Mesas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Zabalegui-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Siscart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Lloria-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Department, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9072-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Soto-C\u00e1mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Aguilar-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Trigueros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remedios","family":"L\u00f3pez-Liria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Health Research Centre, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2105-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Troels Wesenberg","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sj\u00e6llandsUniversitets Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121","article-title":"A definition and classification of status epilepticus\u2014Report of the ILAE task force on classification of status epilepticus","volume":"56","author":"Trinka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14016","article-title":"Proposed consensus definitions for new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), and related 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