{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1785428370300,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is very high. It is necessary to search for effective therapies that could prevent pneumonia. Previous results should be interpreted cautiously as there is a lack of evidence to support the use of compensatory or rehabilitative approaches to dysphagia. We reviewed the scientific literature to describe the treatments of dysphagia in PD. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Medline according to PRISMA standards in 2018. The articles that did not mention dysphagia secondary to PD or used surgical treatment were excluded. Eleven articles met the criteria with information from 402 patients. The review relates to different protocols, such as training in expiratory muscle strength, postural techniques, oral motor exercises, video-assisted swallowing therapy, surface electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, touch, compensatory interventions, training regime for swallowing, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, Lee Silverman voice treatment, swallow maneuver, airway protection, and postural compensation maneuvers. This review identifies the rationing interventions in each trial, if they are efficient and equitable. Several rehabilitative therapies have been successful. An improvement was seen in the degenerative function (coordination, speed, and volume), quality of life, and social relationships of people with PD. Further investigations concerning the clinical applicability of these therapies based on well-designed randomized controlled studies are needed. Larger patient populations need to be recruited to evaluate the effectiveness, long-term effects, and new treatment techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1591679774000},"page":"4104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Treatment of Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remedios","family":"L\u00f3pez-Liria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almer\u00eda, Carretera del Sacramento s\/n, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Parra-Egeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poniente Hospital, Ctra. de Almerimar, s\/n, El Ejido, 04700 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Vega-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Distrito Sanitario Poniente, Jes\u00fas de Perceval, 22. El Ejido, 04700 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Aguilar-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Almer\u00eda, Carretera del Sacramento s\/n, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Trigueros-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Almer\u00eda, Carretera del Sacramento s\/n, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0338-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Morales-G\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Juan de Quesada, 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Rocamora-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almer\u00eda, Carretera del Sacramento s\/n, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ft.2016.02.002","article-title":"Tratamiento fisioterap\u00e9utico de las alteraciones posturales en la enfermedad de Parkinson. 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