{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:08:01Z","timestamp":1785784081214,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical exercise is often associated with increases in muscle damage markers and inflammation. However, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation responses to the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of the 5mSRT on muscle damage markers, inflammation, and perception of fatigue and recovery in healthy male athletes. Fifteen male amateur team sports players (age: 20 \u00b1 3 yrs, height: 173 \u00b1 7 cm, body-mass: 67 \u00b1 7 kg) participated in this study. Blood biomarkers were collected at rest, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). Best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI), and percentage decrement (PD) during the 5mSRT were assessed. Perceived recovery (PRS) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded before, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT; perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before, during, and 72 h after the 5mSRT. Muscle damage biomarkers post 5mSRT showed a significant increase compared to pre 5mSRT (p &lt; 0.001) levels ((i.e., CK (190.6 \u00b1 109.1 IU\/L vs. 234.6 \u00b1 113.7 IU\/L), LDH (163.6 \u00b1 35.1 IU\/L vs. 209.9 \u00b1 50.8 IU\/L), ASAT (18.0 \u00b1 4.4 IU\/L vs. 21.7 \u00b1 6.2 IU\/L), and ALAT (10.2 \u00b1 3.4 IU\/L vs. 12.7 \u00b1 3.8 IU\/L)) and 72 h post 5mSRT (p &lt; 0.001) levels ((CK (125.3 \u00b1 80.5 IU\/L vs. 234.6 \u00b1 113.7 IU\/L), LDH (143.9 \u00b1 36.6 IU\/L vs. 209.9 \u00b1 50.8 IU\/L), ASAT (15.0 \u00b1 4.7 IU\/L vs. 21.7 \u00b1 6.2 IU\/L), and ALAT (8.6 \u00b1 2.4 IU\/L vs. 12.7 \u00b1 3.8 IU\/L)). CRP was also significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.1 \u00b1 2.5 mg\/L vs. 2.8 \u00b1 3.3 mg\/L, p &lt; 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.4 \u00b1 2.3 mg\/L vs. 2.8 \u00b1 3.3 mg\/L, p &lt; 0.001). Significant correlations were reported between (i) physical performance parameters (i.e., PD, FI, TD, and BD), and (ii) markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP). Similarly, DOMS and RPE scores were significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.4 \u00b1 1.0UA vs. 6.7 \u00b1 1.1UA and 2.1 \u00b1 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 \u00b1 0.6 UA, respectively p &lt; 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.9 \u00b1 0.7 UA vs. 6.7 \u00b1 1.1 UA and 1.5 \u00b1 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 \u00b1 0.6 UA, respectively p &lt; 0.001). PRS scores were significantly lower post 5mSRT as compared to pre 5mSRT (6 \u00b1 1 UA vs. 3 \u00b1 1 UA, p &lt; 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (7 \u00b1 1 UA vs. 3 \u00b1 1 UA, p &lt; 0.001). Significant correlations existed between (i) performance parameters (PD, FI, TD, and BD) and (ii) RPE, PRS, and DOMS. The 5mSRT increased biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, as well as the DOMS and RPE and reduced the PRS. Seventy-two hours was sufficient for fatigue recovery induced by the 5mSRT. PD is better than FI for the calculation of performance decrements during the 5mSRT to represent fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T11:00:56Z","timestamp":1592478056000},"page":"4375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of the 5-m Shuttle Run Test on Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Fatigue in Healthy Male Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Boukhris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Activit\u00e9 Physique, Sport et Sant\u00e9, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur du Sport et de l\u2019Education Physique de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur du Sport et de l\u2019Education Physique de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raouf","family":"Abdessalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Activit\u00e9 Physique, Sport et Sant\u00e9, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur du Sport et de l\u2019Education Physique de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsen","family":"Hsouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Activit\u00e9 Physique, Sport et Sant\u00e9, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur du Sport et de l\u2019Education Physique de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achraf","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan M.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadijah","family":"Irandoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouna","family":"Turki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Bases Mol\u00e9culaires de la Pathologie Humaine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Ayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Bases Mol\u00e9culaires de la Pathologie Humaine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola L.","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian A.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Department of Movement and Training Science, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5482-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi","family":"Chtourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Activit\u00e9 Physique, Sport et Sant\u00e9, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur du Sport et de l\u2019Education Physique de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2019-0021","article-title":"The effect of 30-m repeated sprint exercise on muscle damage indicators, serum insulin-like growth factor-land cortisol","volume":"11","author":"Aslankeser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. 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