{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:10Z","timestamp":1787028310868,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/32\/T\/NZ7\/00069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/32\/T\/NZ7\/00069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish-US Fulbright Commission","award":["PL\/2018\/24\/JR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PL\/2018\/24\/JR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bear subculture exists within a larger gay community, which has been recognized by public health experts as disproportionately burdened with stigma and related health adversities. Bears are distinguished by a particular body look\u2014body hirsuteness and heavy-set physique. Previous research documented the various health risks, and the exposure to both sexual minority and weight stigma, of this population. In this study we focused on the determinants of self-esteem in Bears. We explored the significance of such predictors as: perceived sexual minority and weight stigma, age, resilience, and physique as reflected by the BMI. Our sample consisted of 60 men from the Polish Bear community (i.e., Bears, Cubs, Otters, Wolves). Linear regression models were performed for the entire sample (N = 60) and for Bear-identified men (N = 31). Perceived sexual minority stigma negatively, and resilience positively, predicted self-esteem. In the case of Bear-identified men, age, perceived exposure to weight discrimination, and BMI were also significant predictors of self-esteem. Higher BMI in the case of Bear-identified men predicted higher self-esteem. Our results suggest that although Bear-identified men are characterized by their similarities to other gay men, subcultural identities create unique social contexts that are important for health and health interventions in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1592808372000},"page":"4439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chubby, Hairy and Fearless. Subcultural Identities and Predictors of Self-Esteem in a Sample of Polish Members of Bear Community"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5471-3725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Mijas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegorzecka St., PL 31531 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3814-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Koziara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, 6 Ingardena St., PL 30060 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Galbarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegorzecka St., PL 31531 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Jasienska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegorzecka St., PL 31531 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069","article-title":"Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":"Hatzenbuehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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