{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:44:41Z","timestamp":1792622681531,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]],"date-time":"2020-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of different nap durations on attention and physical performance as well as mood states, sleepiness, perceived exertion (RPE), recovery (PRS), and muscle soreness (DOMS) in trained men. Fourteen amateur team sport players (age: 20.3 \u00b1 3.0 years, height: 173.1 \u00b1 6.7 cm, body-mass: 68.1 \u00b1 6.6 kg) performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test, 5-m shuttle run, and the digit-cancellation (i.e., attention) test after a no-nap (N0) and 40-min (N40) and 90-min (N90) of nap opportunities. Subjective measurement of mood states, RPE, PRS and DOMS were determined. Compared to N0, both nap durations enhanced attention, MVIC, total distance (TD), and higher distance (HD) (p &lt; 0.001), with a higher gain after N90 compared to N40 for attention (\u0394 = +3), MVIC (\u0394 = +30 N) and TD (\u0394 = +35 m) (p &lt; 0.001). Total mood scores were better after N40 and N90 compared to N0 (p &lt; 0.05), with lower scores after N90 compared to N40 (p &lt; 0.05). DOMS and RPE scores were significantly lower and PRS was significantly higher after N40 and N90 compared to N0 and after N90 compared to N40 (p &lt; 0.05). Although both nap opportunity durations were beneficial, N90 was better than N40 for improving physical performances and attention as well as the perception of recovery, reducing fatigue perception, muscle soreness, and negative mood states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1593408536000},"page":"4650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["A 90 min Daytime Nap Opportunity Is Better Than 40 min for Cognitive and Physical Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Boukhris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achraf","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raouf","family":"Abdessalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsen","family":"Hsouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan M.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6109-7393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarak","family":"Driss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar","family":"Souissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hammouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Garbarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola Luigi","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5482-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi","family":"Chtourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.03.002","article-title":"Sleep, recovery, and performance in sports","volume":"35","author":"Malhotra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. 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