{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:01:20Z","timestamp":1780606880490,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3F0491, 3F0492, 1H0061, 1H0062, 3F1091, 3F1092, and 3F1093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3F0491, 3F0492, 1H0061, 1H0062, 3F1091, 3F1092, and 3F1093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes; however, little is known about the diversity of this population. This retrospective study aims to investigate age-related differences in the anthropometric and clinical features of this population. A total of 253 Taiwanese children (70 (27.7%) girls and 183 (72.3%) boys) with OSA were reviewed. Their median age, body mass index (BMI) z-score, and apnea-hypopnea index were 6.9 years, 0.87, and 9.5 events\/h, respectively. The cohort was divided into three subgroups: \u2018preschoolers\u2019 (\u22652 and &lt;6 years), \u2018school-age children\u2019 (\u22656 and &lt;10 years), and \u2018adolescents (\u226510 and &lt;18 years)\u2019. The percentage of the male sex, BMI z-score, neck circumference, systolic blood pressure z-score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio tended to increase with age. Adenoid grades tended to decrease with age. Overall, disease severity was independently correlated with neck circumference, tonsil size, and adenoid grade. Increased neck circumference and tonsillar hypertrophy were the most influential factors for younger children, whereas adenoidal hypertrophy became more important at an older age. In conclusion, gender prevalence ratio, anthropometric measures, and clinical features varied with age, and the pathogenic drivers were not necessarily the same as the aggravating ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1593408536000},"page":"4663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Differences in Anthropometric and Clinical Features among Preschoolers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents with Obstructive Sleep Apnea\u2014A Hospital-Based Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hai-Hua","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei and Linkou Branches, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"},{"name":"Obesity Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, 17822 PA, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0798-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Fu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, 33305 Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Pang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Shu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry, Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsueh-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jau-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei and Linkou Branches, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Ang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Guei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","article-title":"Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the General Population: A Systematic Review","volume":"34","author":"Senaratna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med. 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