{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:22:44Z","timestamp":1777382564017,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013123","name":"Fondation de la recherche en sant\u00e9 du Nouveau-Brunswick","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-BRIDGE-1816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-BRIDGE-1816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Maritime Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research","award":["MSSU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSSU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression and other mood and anxiety disorders are recognized as common complications following cardiac events. Some studies report poorer cardiac outcomes among patients in socioeconomically marginalized neighbourhoods. This study aimed to describe associations between socioeconomic and built environment characteristics of neighbourhood environments and mental health service contacts following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI or heart attack) among adults in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. This province is characterized largely by residents in small towns and rural areas. A cohort of all adults aged 45 and over surviving AMI and without a recent record of mental disorders was identified by linking provincial medical-administrative datasets. Residential histories were tracked over time to assign neighbourhood measures of marginalization, local climate zones, and physical activity friendliness (i.e., walkability). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of healthcare use for mood and anxiety disorders over the period 2003\/04\u20132015\/16 by neighbourhood characteristics. The baseline cohort included 13,330 post-AMI patients, among whom 32.5% were found to have used healthcare services for a diagnosed mood or anxiety disorder at least once during the period of observation. Among men, an increased risk of mental health service use was found among those living in areas characterized by high ethnic concentration (HR: 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03\u20131.25)). Among women, the risk was significantly higher among those in materially deprived neighbourhoods (HR: 1.16 (95%CI: 1.01\u20131.33)). We found no convincing evidence of associations between this outcome and the other neighbourhood characteristics considered here. These results suggest that selected features of neighbourhood environments may increase the burden on the healthcare system for mental health comorbidities among adults with cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand the differing needs of socioeconomically marginalized populations to improve mental health outcomes following an acute cardiac event, specifically in the context of smaller and rural communities and of universal healthcare coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T10:45:19Z","timestamp":1594291519000},"page":"4939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Healthcare Service Use for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study of the Role of Neighbourhood Socioenvironmental Characteristics in a Largely Rural Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Foroughi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3806-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeru","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan Lawson","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110-1817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (2018). Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Heart Disease in Canada, 2018, Public Health Agency of Canada."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.08.011","article-title":"Neighbourhood income and cardiac rehabilitation access as determinants of nonattendance and noncompletion","volume":"29","author":"Lemstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2011.10.009","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic deprivation and area of residence on access to coronary revascularization and mortality after a first acute myocardial infarction in Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"28","author":"Blais","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2019.31.110-114","article-title":"Depression in survivors of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"31","author":"Trajanovska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Socio Medica"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"B4689","article-title":"Depression following myocardial infarction--an overseen complication with prognostic importance","volume":"60","author":"Larsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-010-0024-6","article-title":"Depression after myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Echols","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Hear. Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510150053029","article-title":"Depression following myocardial infarction. Impact on 6-month survival","volume":"270","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104707","article-title":"Five-year risk of cardiac mortality in relation to initial severity and one-year changes in depression symptoms after myocardial infarction","volume":"105","author":"Lesperance","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.08.007","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for mortality after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"92","author":"Carney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"676","article-title":"Gender-based differences in anxiety and depression following acute myocardial infarction","volume":"111","author":"Serpytis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. de Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12190","article-title":"Can physical activity be used as a tool to reduce depression in patients after a cardiac event? What is the evidence? A systematic literature study","volume":"56","author":"Janzon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajna, S., Kestens, Y., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Joseph, L., Thierry, B., Sherman, M., Trudeau, L., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., Meissner, L., and Bacon, S.L. (2016). Neighbourhood walkability and home neighbourhood-based physical activity: An observational study of adults with type 2 diabetes. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3603-y"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5898","article-title":"Association of neighborhood walkability with change in overweight, obesity, and diabetes","volume":"315","author":"Creatore","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, P., Tait, J., Fein, A., and Dunn, J.R. (2018). Residential moves, neighbourhood walkability, and physical activity: A longitudinal pilot study in Ontario Canada. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5858-y"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crouse, D.L., Foroughi, I., and Gupta, N. (2020). Neighbourhood environments and the risk of hospital admission for cardiometabolic and mental health comorbidities in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. J.","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519895985"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (2017). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 98-316-X2016001, Statistics Canada.","DOI":"10.1787\/ins_stats-2015-9-en"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (2019). Public Health Infobase: Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System [Online Database], Public Health Agency of Canada."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayles, J., and McDonald, T. (2018). Key factors in the establishment of an academia-government center of public sector administrative data and policy research. Int. J. Popul. Data Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v3i5.1065"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doiron, D., Setton, E., Seed, E., Shooshtari, M., and Brook, J. (2018). The Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (CANUE): A national data linkage initiative. Int. J. Popul. Data Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v3i4.715"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (2016). Postal Code Conversion File Plus (PCCF+) Version 6D, Reference Guide. Catalogue No. 82-F0086-XDB, Statistics Canada."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"3","article-title":"Positional accuracy of geocoding from residential postal codes versus full street addresses","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.39.6\/7.02","article-title":"Trends in chronic disease incidence rates from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System","volume":"39","author":"Hamm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Promot. Chronic Dis. Prev. Can."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information (2009). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA), Canadian Institute for Health Information."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormick, N., Lacaille, D., Bhole, V., and Avina-Zubieta, J.A. (2014). Validity of myocardial infarction diagnoses in administrative databases: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092286"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (2016). Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Canada, 2016, Public Health Agency of Canada."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796015000463","article-title":"Comparison of the estimated prevalence of mood and\/or anxiety disorders in Canada between self-report and administrative data","volume":"25","author":"Vanderloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Development of the Canadian Marginalization Index: A new tool for the study of inequality","volume":"103","author":"Dunn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0518-y","article-title":"Low concentrations of fine particle air pollution and mortality in the Canadian Community Health Survey cohort","volume":"18","author":"Christidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Heal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0380-5","article-title":"Impact of marginalization on tobacco use in individuals diagnosed with head and neck Cancer","volume":"48","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"16","article-title":"A pan-Canadian measure of active living environments using open data","volume":"30","author":"Hermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0236.1","article-title":"WUDAPT: An urban weather, climate, and environmental modeling infrastructure for the anthropocene","volume":"99","author":"Ching","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00019.1","article-title":"Local climate zones for urban temperature studies","volume":"93","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.05.004","article-title":"Local climate zone-based urban land cover classification from multi-seasonal Sentinel-2 images with a recurrent residual network","volume":"154","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209453","article-title":"Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and depression: A twin study","volume":"72","author":"Barrington","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.022","article-title":"Neighborhood environment in studies of health of older adults","volume":"37","author":"Yen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0778-6","article-title":"Sex\/gender reporting and analysis in Campbell and Cochrane systematic reviews: A cross-sectional methods study","volume":"7","author":"Petkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, N., Crouse, D.L., and Balram, A. (2020). Individual and community-level income and the risk of diabetes rehospitalization among women and men: A Canadian population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8159-1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/14\/4939\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:49:12Z","timestamp":1760176152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/14\/4939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17144939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17144939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}}}