{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:59:56Z","timestamp":1789718396667,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["Rricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rricerca Corrente"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Subjects with Down Syndrome (DS) are characterized by specific physiological alterations, including musculoskeletal abnormalities. Flat Foot (FF), caused by hypotonia and ligament laxity, represents one of the most common disabling disorders in this population. Conservative treatments promote the use of orthopaedic insoles and plantar supports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Foot Orthoses (FOs) on the gait pattern of subjects with DS, assessing the biomechanical effects associated with their use. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects were screened under two conditions\u2014walking barefoot (WB); with shoes and insoles (WSI), during three trials for each. Assessments were performed through the 3D gait analysis, using an optoelectronic system, force platforms, and video recording. Specifically, synthetic indices of gait kinematics, i.e., gait profile score (GPS) and gait variable score (GVS) were calculated and compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test, to evaluate between-conditions. Results: Significant variations were found in GVS foot progression index, representative of foot rotation during walking, in adolescents only. Conclusions: Bilateral FOs has a positive immediate impact on gait quality in adolescents with DS, as confirmed by quantitative analysis. FOs prescription is an evidence-based early approach to slow down biomechanical abnormalities and prevent relative symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T09:30:49Z","timestamp":1594719049000},"page":"4994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bilateral Foot Orthoses Elicit Changes in Gait Kinematics of Adolescents with Down Syndrome with Flatfoot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Galafate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Pournajaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Condoluci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2651-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Goffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta Maria","family":"Manzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Pellicciari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Gait analysis of individuals with Down syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Cioni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. 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