{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1760238108805,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the potential negative effects of parental incarceration on millions of people, it is critical to examine the possible short- and long-term effects of parental incarceration on individuals. This study examines the effect of parental incarceration on the sports participation trajectories of children ranging from adolescence to young adulthood. Group-based trajectory models were set up using SAS analytics software to examine how parental incarceration affects the sports participation trajectories of children from adolescence to young adulthood. Data were drawn from the first four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in the United States (N = 6504). Neither paternal nor maternal incarceration had any significant effect on the trajectories of male participants. On the other hand, females who experienced father incarceration were more likely to be in the low-stable versus high-decreasing group (coefficient = \u22120.721, p &lt; 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we conclude that programs promoting sports participation are needed for females who have experienced paternal incarceration. The results of this study also suggest that group-based trajectory modeling is a useful technique to examine the trajectories of sports participation from adolescence through to young adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T10:59:38Z","timestamp":1595242778000},"page":"5229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Parental Incarceration on Sport Participation Trajectories from Adolescence to Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education and Science, Woo-Suk University Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55338, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongnam","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Social Welfare &amp; Health Administration, College of Social Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoyeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7185-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanbeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093372","article-title":"Physical inactivity remains the greatest public health problem of the 21st century: Evidence, improved methods and solutions using the \u20187 investments that work\u2019 as a framework","volume":"48","author":"Trost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. 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