{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:19:20Z","timestamp":1777943960127,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We compared photogrammetry-assessed body posture between young adults with and without unilateral posterior crossbite (UPCB). Assessments were controlled by vision, mandibular position and sitting\/standing position. In addition, we aimed to determine the relationship between UPCB laterality and the direction of body posture using photogrammetry and a static postural platform. Methods: Adults with natural dentition, with and without UPCB, were enrolled. Static body posture was assessed by photogrammetry based on horizontal acromial alignment and horizontal anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS) alignment. Frontal photographs were taken with participants asked to open or close their eyes and hold their jaws at rest, at an intercuspal position, and at left or right lateral positions. Distribution of foot pressure was recorded using a static postural platform at different visual input and mandibular positions. General linear models with repeated measures were used to assess the effect of the various within- and between-subject factors. Results: In total, 36 adults (left UPCB = 12; Right UPCB = 6; controls = 18) participated. There were significant differences between the control and UPCB groups in horizontal alignment at the acromion (p = 0.035) and ASIS (p = 0.026) levels when controlled by visual input and mandibular position. No significant differences in horizontal alignment or foot pressure distribution were observed by laterality in the UPCB group. Conclusion: The presence of UPCB affects static body posture, but the side of crossbite is not related to the direction of effect on static body posture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:14:06Z","timestamp":1595499246000},"page":"5303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relationship between Unilateral Posterior Crossbite and Human Static Body Posture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Zurita-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Ayuso-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meritxell","family":"Cuartero-Balana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Willaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3497-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Martinez-Gomis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600206","article-title":"Unilateral posterior crossbite is not associated with TMJ clicking in young adolescents","volume":"86","author":"Farella","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.103252","article-title":"Effect of unilateral posterior crossbite on the electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles","volume":"118","author":"Palma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.041","article-title":"Condylar asymmetry in unilateral posterior crossbite patients","volume":"133","author":"Kilic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.020","article-title":"Clinical study of frontal chewing patterns in various crossbite malocclusions","volume":"138","author":"Nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy019","article-title":"Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"23","author":"Michelotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.109494","article-title":"Kinesiographic study of the mandible in young patients with unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"118","author":"Palma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.09.006","article-title":"Relationship between chewing side preference and handedness and lateral asymmetry of peripheral factors","volume":"54","author":"Palau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.032","article-title":"Occlusal patterns in patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"130","author":"Yitschaky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1123\/mc.2014-0018","article-title":"Dental Occlusion Influences the Standing Balance on an Unstable Platform","volume":"19","author":"Gatterer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Motor Control."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.008","article-title":"Postural stability and unilateral posterior crossbite: Is there a relationship?","volume":"392","author":"Michelotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000700007","article-title":"Dental malocclusion and body posture in young subjects: A multiple regression study","volume":"65","author":"Perinetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1244971","article-title":"Influence of dental occlusion on postural control and plantar pressure distribution","volume":"35","author":"Scharnweber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(01)OA07","article-title":"Evaluation of the correlation between dental occlusion and posture using a force platform","volume":"68","author":"Baldini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2009.02019.x","article-title":"Posturography as a diagnostic aid in dentistry: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Perinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2012.02291.x","article-title":"Dental occlusion, body posture and temporomandibular disorders: Where we are now and where we are heading for","volume":"39","author":"Manfredini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1095","article-title":"The Reliability of Lateral Photography for the Assessment of the Forward Head Posture Through Four Different Angle-Based Analysis Methods in Healthy Individuals","volume":"13","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2014.10.009","article-title":"Intrarater and interrater reliability of photographic measurement of upper-body standing posture of adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Ruivo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.05.018","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of postural alignment in young adults based on photographs of anterior, posterior, and lateral views","volume":"34","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2007.037","article-title":"Examination of the relationship between mandibular position and body posture","volume":"25","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.01.045","article-title":"The effects of a temporarily manipulated dental occlusion on the position of the spine: A comparison during standing and walking","volume":"14","author":"Ohlendorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.15621\/ijphy\/2016\/v3i3\/100838","article-title":"Photogrammetric quantification of forward head posture is side dependent in healthy participants and patients with mechanical neck pain","volume":"3","author":"Youssef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12470","article-title":"Subjects with temporomandibular joint disc displacement do not feature any peculiar changes in body posture","volume":"44","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12767","article-title":"Dental occlusion and body balance: A question of environmental constraints?","volume":"46","author":"Burtscher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12369","article-title":"Peripheral, functional and postural asymmetries related to the preferred chewing side in adults with natural dentition","volume":"43","author":"Peraire","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.07.006","article-title":"Reliability of a visual analog scale for determining the preferred mastication side","volume":"115","author":"Peraire","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12873","article-title":"Changes in masticatory laterality 3 months after treatment with unilateral implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis","volume":"47","author":"Willaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2008.00530.x","article-title":"Influence of static and dynamic occlusal characteristics and muscle force on masticatory performance in dentate adults","volume":"116","author":"Palau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000700005","article-title":"Postural assessment software (PAS\/SAPO): Validation and reliabiliy","volume":"65","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512012000100015","article-title":"Dahlberg formula \u2013 a novel approach for its evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Galvao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Pressj. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01609.x","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles in normal young people. Statistical evaluation of reference values for clinical applications","volume":"20","author":"Ferrario","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12646","article-title":"Co-contraction behaviour of masticatory and neck muscles during tooth grinding","volume":"45","author":"Giannakopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-016-0607-9","article-title":"The relationship between lateral displacement of the mandible and scoliosis","volume":"21","author":"Nakashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippold, C., Moiseenko, T., Drerup, B., Schilgen, M., V\u00e9gh, A., and Danesh, G. (2012). Spine deviations and orthodontic treatment of asymmetric malocclusions in children. Bmc Musculoskelet Disord., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-151"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"158","article-title":"Gait and posture analysis in patients with maxillary transverse discrepancy, before and after RPE","volume":"16","author":"Mason","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2010.09.010","article-title":"Dental occlusion and posture: An overview","volume":"12","author":"Michelotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0634-0","article-title":"Association between orthopedic and dental findings: What level of evidence is available?","volume":"68","author":"Hanke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.118626","article-title":"Changes in the masticatory cycle following treatment of posterior unilateral crossbite in children","volume":"120","author":"Throckmorton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.10.001","article-title":"Unilateral posterior crossbite and mastication","volume":"52","author":"Rilo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2014.08.005","article-title":"Is the side with the best masticatory performance selected for chewing?","volume":"59","author":"Salsench","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.12.006","article-title":"Reliability of a new test food to assess masticatory function","volume":"87","author":"Peraire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/15\/5303\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:10Z","timestamp":1760176270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/15\/5303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17155303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17155303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]}}}